The idea of ​​"zero defects" was proposed by Crosbyism, known as the "global quality management master", "father of zero defects" and "great management thinker", in the early 1960s and was promoted in the United States. Zero defect motion.

Origin and Promotion: Zero Defect Management originated from the Orlando division of Martin Marita, the United States, also known as Zero Defects. In 1962, the company implemented the zero-defect plan in the manufacturing department and successfully. In 1963, General Electric Company of the United States implemented it company-wide, adding "Suggestions on Eliminating Causes of Mistakes" to make the plan more perfect. In early 1964, the US Department of Defense required military system enterprises to adopt it widely, and many civilian industrial enterprises also implemented it one after another.

Communication and application

Zero Defects is a free translation of Zero Defects in English, called ZD, also known as "zero point prevention". Its main meanings include:

Management Thought: Enterprises should give full play to people's subjective initiative in business management. Producers and workers should strive to make products and business have no shortcomings, pursue high-quality standards, and use the work principle to do things right the first time as the work principle, and create a new enterprise. culture.

Quality concept

Core content

Thought system

principle

"Zero Defects" is a management philosophy, scientific management concept and a corporate culture with profound background. Its core content includes:

Work Guidelines: All work is a process, and everyone should insist on "doing things right the first time" and not allow defects to occur or flow to the next process.

Quality concept

Quality measurement standard: Use "cost that does not meet the requirements" as the quality measurement standard, including various costs caused by unqualified quality, such as scrap, rework, customer complaints, etc.

The ideological system of zero defect management can be summarized as "one center, two basic points and three needs":

One center: Zero defect management requires doing things right the first time to improve work quality and efficiency and achieve economic growth.

Two basic points

Three Needs

Quality theorem of zero defect management In zero defect management, the definition of quality is to meet the requirements, not good. Prevention is the key to quality production. Inspection cannot produce quality. Inspection only selects products that do not meet the requirements after the process is completed, and cannot promote quality improvement.

Clausby’s free quality theory Clausby believes that “quality is free”. In the past, quality could not be free because it was not done well for the first time, resulting in defects in the product. Enterprises need to spend a lot of time, money and energy. Eliminate defects. Only when everyone "does things well the first time" can these waste be avoided and a win-win situation between quality and cost.

The core of zero defect management is to do the right thing correctly for the first time, which includes three levels:

The right thing: clarify the goals and direction of the work and ensure that the work is consistent with the company's strategy and customer needs.

Do things correctly: adopt the right methods and processes to ensure efficient execution of work.

Do it right for the first time: emphasize that you must meet quality standards during the first work to avoid mistakes. These three factors are indispensable. Only by doing these three aspects at the same time can the goal of zero defect management be achieved.

Due to the influence of traditional ideas, people have misunderstandings about zero-defect management, mainly including:

Management Nature: Zero defect management is not a method of quality control, but a management and operation system for the entire company.

Management method: It is not a means to treat headaches, but a complete plan to treat both symptoms and root causes.

Management focus: not on remediation after the event, but on preventing problems beforehand.

Management Purpose

Management promotion: Not bottom-up driving, the most important thing is top-down driving.

Doing a good job in zero defect management requires cultivating correct concepts, including:

Focus on psychological construction: Give employees the motivation to work without making mistakes, and emphasize the importance of psychological construction.

Pursuing the United States: Challenge the traditional concept of "people always make mistakes" and take zero defects as their highest goal.

Employee subject: Every employee should become the protagonist of the company, give full play to his subjective initiative, and eliminate shortcomings in his work.

Meet quality requirements rather than good. Quality means meeting requirements and must be defined in measurable and clear words. All departments, suppliers, and customers must take it seriously to ensure that the work is done well the first time.

Preventing quality, inspection cannot produce quality. The system of quality is prevention. Management should be committed to creating a prevention-oriented work environment and prevent mistakes through training, discipline, role models and leadership.

Zero defects, not "just as good as it is". The working standard is zero defects, which means that all the requirements of the work process must be met every time and at any time. We must try our best to prevent mistakes and cannot compromise with situations that do not meet the requirements.

The cost of non-compliance (money) The measure of quality is the "cost of non-compliance". Management should measure the cost of quality by finding out the cost of doing the wrong thing, avoid wasting time and money on remedial work.

Establish an organization Mobilize and organize all employees to actively participate in zero-defect management. The highest manager should personally participate, designate or appoint the person in charge, establish corresponding systems, and educate and train employees.

Determine goals Determine the specific requirements that the zero-defect group (or individual) must meet within a certain period of time, including project goals, target values ​​and evaluation standards, and promptly announce the progress of the group's goal completion.

Implement and implement management in various forms, promptly announce the progress of the team's goal completion, and ensure that employees understand the progress of their work.

Performance evaluation: Clarify the responsibilities and authority of the group, and the group will evaluate and determine whether the goal is achieved.

Experience summary For the wrong reasons that are not caused by subjective factors, put forward opinions and suggestions, and affirm and praise those who have made progress.

Establish a commendation system to commend those who have no shortcomings and enhance employees’ confidence and sense of responsibility to eliminate shortcomings.

The execution process of zero defect management can be divided into three levels: the senior management level, the execution level and the operation level:

Executive level

Execution layer

Operation layer

Advanced quality management concept

Product quality standards: Pursuing "100% pass rate" and "zero defect" products, believing that companies allow mistakes to be unreliable and irresponsible to consumers and incompatible with market rules.

All-staff quality responsibility system

Strict quality control system

Sensitive quality feedback program