Product modularity: The product structure and functions are modular, generalized and standardized, which facilitates enterprises to innovate, update products, disperse manufacturing and find partners.

Standardization and generalization of parts: It is conducive to enterprises focusing on product design and market development and improving production efficiency.

Quick information transmission: Modern information technology can quickly transmit demand information in manufacturing units, allowing enterprises to quickly obtain orders.

Customized information reaction: The flexible manufacturing system can respond to customized information in a timely manner and complete customized products with high quality.

Supply chain competition: In the future, market competition will be a competition between corporate supply chains. Large-scale customized companies need to establish cooperative relationships with suppliers, integrate resources, and meet customer needs.

Organizational Agility: Large-scale customization enterprises are agile organizations, with flexible production equipment, multi-skilled personnel, and the organizational structure is flat and refined.

Rationalization of existing products: Use Pareto sorting, graph analysis and other methods to systematically analyze and merge the product series, eliminate unprofitable products, and master core capabilities.

Reasonable product standardization: Standardize on the basis of reasonable products, shorten the design and production preparation time, and reduce production batches.

Standard product modularity: Use CAD software to computer-process standard product modules to improve product development efficiency.

Generalization of parts: Reduce the types of parts and generalize the homemade and purchased parts.

Generalization of tools: Generalization of tools used in assembly, adjustment and other processes to reduce production preparation work.

Process standardization: Standardize the process to achieve process coordination and versatility, and improve manufacturing flexibility.

Process infrastructure composition: including workflow management systems, collaborative management software, enterprise networks, customer information, computer integrated manufacturing and agile manufacturing capabilities, etc.

Functions and functions: realize the automation of inter-process connections and interpersonal connections, use resources reasonably, and provide customers with high-quality services.

Disadvantages of traditional methods: The traditional way of obtaining consumer customized information is inefficient, unstructured information, and is aimed at narrow customer groups, and is not suitable for large-scale customization.

The role of e-commerce: e-commerce provides low-cost and fast information exchange channels, supports the company's customer-oriented strategy, and obtains user-customized product information.

Market capacity requirements: The product must have a considerable market capacity, otherwise large-scale customization will not be possible.

Features of product demand: Consumer needs have both personality and commonality, and products should seek reasonable boundaries between standardization and personalization of parts.

The key to solving problems: solving problems caused by the increase in product types and changes in user needs requires the ability to quickly develop and manufacture parts at low cost.

The key to manufacturing technology: adopts manufacturing equipment or production lines that are flexible, modular and reconfigurable, and shared by multiple generations of products.

Supply Chain Capacity Requirements: Suppliers can deliver raw materials and parts quickly and efficiently, and distributors and retailers are flexible and responsive.

Importance of information networks: Manufacturers, retailers, etc. must be part of the efficient connection of information networks.

Organizational system requirements: Establish a strategy of combining low-cost and differentiated, use information technology to integrate management systems, change concepts, and build corporate culture.

Demand and sacrifice balance: The balance between the waiting time and cost increase brought by customized products by customers.

Ability and acceptance balance: The balance between the ability of an enterprise to meet customer needs and the acceptance cost and time.

Custom object features: Products made of modular, multi-purpose and continuously updated units are suitable for customization.

Customization process requirements: Fast product development and innovation capabilities are required to adapt to the characteristics of short product life cycle.

Technical requirements: Advanced manufacturing technologies are required, such as CNC, FMS, CAD, CAM, CIM and EDI.

Technology integration requirements: Successfully integrate information technology and flexible technology and establish large-scale customized systems.

Supply chain premise: Establish an effective supply chain network, and the willingness and conditions of suppliers, distributors and retailers to participate in meeting customer needs.

Knowledge Sharing Importance: Knowledge Sharing on the supply chain is essential to reduce costs and increase responsiveness.

Design process: It is divided into product development and rapid design stages. The product development stage analyzes and predicts customer needs, and establishes product structure and variation mechanism; the rapid design stage uses product configuration as a tool to meet customer needs.

Product family model: It is an important technical basis for achieving large-scale customized production, and modularization is the main method to establish product family model.

System composition: consists of a product coding system, a product definition system, a product modeling system, a product configuration system and a data management system.

Functions of each system

Design idea: Design the product structure into independent modules to achieve the combination of product variability and standardization of parts.

Advantages: utilize economies of scale and economic scope effects, reduce costs, and concentrate core capabilities.

Strategy content: Transfer product customization activities to the downstream of the supply chain and postpone customer order separation points.

Effects: Reduce the complexity of the manufacturing process, reduce supply chain uncertainty, reduce inventory, and shorten customization time.

Cost composition: including customization costs, excess parts and process costs, etc.

Cost reduction method: Use on-time operation and flexible manufacturing technology to produce according to orders, reducing costs such as inventory and preparation.

Production measures: Use methods such as shortening production preparation time and on-time production to improve agile manufacturing capabilities.

Production effect: meet customer needs and improve corporate competitiveness.

Increase sales: Customized products meet customer needs and increase sales.

Increased premium: Customized products have higher value and premium power.

Production model transformation: Product design is jointly determined by customers and producers, becoming the overall production process.

Customer needs meet: The product fully meets customer requirements and changes the situation that was unable to meet customer expectations in the past.

Product launch method: Quickly launch new "standard" products through modularization and original basic combination.

Product innovation capability: Continuously launch improved products according to customer needs and market changes.

Adaptation ability reflects: using standard modules and flexible manufacturing to quickly produce new products that meet environmental changes.

Market competitive advantage: never miss orders and improve enterprise resource utilization.

Research method: Predict the market through customized products and convey customer preference information.

Product speed: Standard products can be launched faster to meet market demand.

Market competitive advantages: General design and flexible processing are competitive in the small batch market.

Achievement of scale benefits: General modules obtain scale benefits and expand market share.

Company Profile Dell is a world-leading IT products and services provider founded by Michael Dell, and has developed rapidly and is leading in the computer market share ranking.

Reason for implementation Dell is relatively weak in R&D and core technologies. By implementing large-scale customization supply chain management, it reduces inventory cycles and costs and gains the advantages of high efficiency and low cost.

Standardization of parts Dell products have the characteristics of compatibility and openness, which is convenient for reorganization according to different requirements and achieve high quality, low cost and fast delivery of customized products.

Assembly by order Dell adopts the assembly by order model, which is suitable for the characteristics of personal computer products, can meet personalized needs and improve response capabilities.

The development of information technology The popularization of information technology and e-commerce provides an implementation basis for Dell's supply chain management, and realizes the efficient operation of information sharing and procurement, production, sales and other links.

Dell contacts customers through an e-commerce platform to understand needs and delivers products through a straight-line sales model. The supply chain structure is composed of raw material suppliers, manufacturers, main enterprises and customers, with smooth information and fast response. [Picture: Dell's overall supply chain model for large-scale customization] shows the structure and operation process of Dell's supply chain, including customer demand collection, order decomposition, procurement, production and distribution.

Strictly select suppliers, virtually combine with suppliers, and establish partnerships. Dell strictly evaluates suppliers, adopts the "safe mass production delivery" method, and combines them with suppliers to jointly meet customer needs.

Efficient inventory management - low inventory of materials and zero inventory of finished products Dell reduces costs, improves price advantages and achieves dynamic inventory balance through low inventory and zero inventory management.

Effective Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Dell accurately grasps customer needs through "one-to-one marketing", provides high-quality services, and achieves interactive integration with customers.

Dell's pursuit of standardization may lead to some minor problems in product quality, such as product quality may be affected to a certain extent, because excessive standardization may not fully meet the special needs of all customers. In addition, under the order assembly mode, the customer's order separation point is lowered, and in an environment where customers' personalized needs are increasingly emphasized, it may not be able to meet the requirements of customers' comprehensive customization.

Through the large-scale customized production model of "assembly to order", Dell has achieved a combination of low cost and high added value, reducing inventory costs and improving customer satisfaction. Domestic enterprises implement supply chain management for large-scale customization, should solve problems such as integrating internal resources, establishing external strategic cooperative relationships and accurately grasping customer needs, in order to gain competitive advantages.