MindMap Gallery A useful business course
This is a mind map about "Used Business Class", which mainly includes: self-iteration that can be done, brand communication that can be learned, Internet business that can be understood, and user psychology that can be seen thoroughly.
Edited at 2025-01-10 23:51:14Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
"A useful business course"
A user psychology that can see through
Have you really calculated the cost?
Opportunity Cost
Definition: The most valuable option among other possible choices that are abandoned in order to get something. For example, if an entrepreneur chooses to start a business, he gives up the possibility of getting stable income and promotion opportunities in his job.
Revelation: When making decisions, you need to fully consider the potential benefits of all options and choose the one with the lowest opportunity cost to achieve the optimal allocation of resources.
Comparative Advantages
Principle: Even if a person is better than others in all aspects, when resources are limited, he should focus on the things with the lowest opportunity cost of his own, and hand over other affairs to others to maximize overall efficiency. Just like in an enterprise, bosses who are good at management and sales should focus on expanding markets and managing decisions, and hand over professional and technical work to employees with excellent skills.
Application scenarios: In international trade, countries divide labor based on comparative advantages, concentrate on producing and exporting products with low opportunity costs, and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results.
Sunken cost
Concept: Cost investment that has occurred and cannot be recovered. If you find that the movie quality is poor after purchasing a movie ticket, the ticket money can no longer be returned.
Coping strategy: Don’t be disturbed by sunk costs when making decisions, and you must dare to stop losses. For example, if the company's R&D projects are not progressing well, if the investment continues, it will only lead to more losses, and you should give up decisively. At the same time, merchants can take advantage of consumers' unwilling to waste sunk costs, such as gyms launching annual cards to encourage consumers to continue to use services.
Marginal cost
Meaning: The cost increased for every additional unit of output. In the manufacturing industry, as output increases, due to the scale effect, the procurement costs of equipment and raw materials will decrease, and the marginal costs will gradually decline.
Impact on business: In the Internet industry, the cost of copying digital products is extremely low, and the marginal cost is nearly zero. Enterprises can maximize profits by expanding the scale of users. For example, after the development of a software is completed, every additional user will use it hardly add additional costs.
Transaction Cost
Explanation: All costs required to complete a transaction include the costs incurred in finding transaction objects, negotiating, signing contracts, supervising execution and other links. In offline shopping, the time and transportation cost of consumers going to physical stores to select products, as well as the marketing cost of merchants investing in order to facilitate transactions are all transaction costs.
Ways to reduce: Enterprises can reduce internal transaction costs by optimizing internal management processes, such as using information systems to improve communication efficiency and simplify decision-making levels. At the same time, the emergence of e-commerce platforms has made buyers and sellers more conveniently match, greatly reducing market transaction costs.
Can you set the price just by wanting it?
Supply and Demand Theorem
Core content: The price of goods is determined by supply and demand. When demand increases and supply remains unchanged, prices rise; conversely, demand decreases, supply remains unchanged, and prices fall. In the real estate market, if a city has a large influx of population, housing demand surges, and housing supply is limited, housing prices will rise.
Commercial applications: Enterprises can adjust prices by accurately grasping market demand and controlling supply. For example, the launch of limited edition products will artificially create a situation where supply is in short supply and increase product prices.
Demand elasticity
Concept: The sensitivity of commodity demand to price changes. For daily necessities such as rice, the demand elasticity of people's demand will not decrease significantly, and the price will increase significantly; while for luxury goods such as brand-name bags, the demand elasticity of them will increase significantly when the price drops sharply.
Pricing strategy: For commodities with high demand elasticity, a small profit but quick turnover strategy can be adopted to stimulate demand by reducing prices; for commodities with low demand elasticity, the prices should be appropriately increased and the total returns should be increased.
Veblen Products
Definition: A product whose consumer demand for increases with the rise of prices has the attribute of conspicuous consumption. For example, high-end jewelry and limited edition luxury cars, the higher the price, the more they can demonstrate the identity and status of consumers, and the more buyers they buy.
Marketing points: When creating Veblen products, companies need to pay attention to brand image shaping, give products unique cultural connotations and scarcity, improve product recognition, and satisfy consumers' display psychology.
Marginal utility
Principle: When consumers continuously consume a certain product, the satisfaction brought by each additional unit of goods gradually decreases. If you feel delicious when eating the first bread, as the amount you eat increases, your satisfaction will become lower and lower.
Marketing strategy: Merchants can launch activities such as combination packages, second-piece half price, etc., to take advantage of consumers' pursuit of more satisfaction and increase sales.
Price discrimination
Meaning: Enterprises set different prices for different consumers or different consumption scenarios. For example, the cinema price is priced in different periods, and the ticket price is lower during the working day and higher on weekends and nights; the scenic spots provide preferential ticket prices to special groups such as students and the elderly.
Implementation method: Analyze consumers' purchasing habits, consumption capacity, etc. through big data to achieve accurate pricing. For example, online travel platforms provide hotel and air ticket packages for different users at different prices based on user search history and travel preferences.
There is also price for the game
Prisoner's Dilemma
Situational Analysis: Two arrested prisoners face the choice of confession or non-confession. If both of them confess, each will be sentenced to 5 years in prison; if one confesses, the other will not confess, the person who confesses will be released, and the person who does not confess will be sentenced to 10 years in prison; if both of them confesses, each will be sentenced to 1 year in prison. Because both parties are worried that the other party will confess and they will suffer heavy punishment, they often choose to confess in the end, falling into the dilemma of individual rationality leading to collective irrationality.
Business response: Price wars among enterprises are similar to prisoners' dilemma. In order to avoid vicious competition, enterprises can sign cooperation agreements, establish industry alliances, and formulate severe punishment mechanisms for betrayal to maintain market stability.
Hostage Dilemma
Essence: In the group, the individual who takes the lead in taking action may bear huge risks and costs, causing everyone to choose to wait and miss the best opportunity. In the enterprise, employees find that the company has management problems and are worried about retaliation after making suggestions, and no one is willing to speak out first.
Solution: Enterprises establish an incentive mechanism to protect employees who dare to speak out, set up anonymous feedback channels, and create an open and inclusive corporate culture.
Wisdom Pig Game
Model analysis: There are big pigs and small pigs in the pigpen. There will be food when pressing the button, but pressing the button requires energy to consume. If the big pig presses the button, the pig can sit and enjoy its fruits; if the little pig presses the button, the pig will seize most of the food. The end result is usually the little pig waiting and the big pig presses the button. In business, small businesses can adopt a follow-up strategy to imitate the innovation achievements of large enterprises and reduce R&D costs.
Small business strategy: Pay attention to the trends of large enterprises, and quickly follow up after large enterprises open up new markets; use large enterprises to promote their brand awareness.
Cockfighting
Scene description: Two cocks confront each other. If both sides advance, both sides will suffer losses; if both sides retreat, their face will be damaged; one side advances and the other side retreats, the one side advances and the other side wins, and the other side retreats, and the other side retreats, and the other side retreats, and the other side retreats to protect their strength. During business negotiations, the two parties are stalemate over price, and at this time one party needs to make appropriate concessions and reach cooperation.
Negotiation strategy: clarify the bottom line before negotiation and show the other party a firm determination; take the initiative to compromise when necessary, but require the other party to provide certain compensation to achieve a win-win situation.
Consumers are never rational
Herd effect
Phenomenon: When making consumption decisions, consumers are susceptible to other people's behavior and blindly follow public choices. For example, the product sales rankings on e-commerce platforms, products with high sales will attract more consumers to buy.
Marketing methods: Companies use the psychology of consumers to guide consumers to purchase products through Internet celebrities selling goods, celebrity endorsements, user reviews, etc.
Bait effect
Principle: Among multiple options, guide consumers to select target options by setting an attractive bait option. If a restaurant launches a package, the price of package A is 100 yuan, the price of package B is 150 yuan, and the price of package C (bait) is 145 yuan. Consumers will think that package B is more cost-effective, thereby increasing the sales of package B.
Application case: Mobile phone manufacturers launch mobile phone models with different configurations and prices, and promote the sales of high-profit models of mobile phones by setting bait models.
Not only is it irrational, it also deceives yourself
Four forms of cognition
Don’t know, you don’t know: people at this stage are unaware of their own cognitive limitations, which manifests as blind self-confidence. For example, newcomers who are just starting to enter the workplace know very little about the industry but think they know everything.
Knowing that you don’t know: Realizing that you lack knowledge and abilities, and having a strong desire to learn. If a workplace finds that his or her professional skills cannot meet his or her work needs, he or she begins to actively learn and improve.
Know yourself and know: After learning and practice, you have mastered certain knowledge and skills and have a clear understanding of your abilities. Senior technical experts have an in-depth understanding of the technology application and development in their fields of expertise.
Don’t know that you know: the accumulated knowledge and experience have been internalized into the subconscious, and you can subconsciously make correct responses when dealing with problems. Experienced sales can handle various customer problems ingeniously without having to think carefully.
Internet business that can be understood
Where is the "new money"
The limitations of traditional economy: mainly physical stores and offline transactions, and are subject to regional and business hours, with high customer acquisition costs and slow market expansion. For example, traditional clothing stores can only serve customers in limited areas.
The rise of the Internet economy: breaking the limitations of time and space, and based on technologies such as big data and cloud computing, realizing precise marketing, reducing transaction costs, and expanding rapidly in the market. E-commerce platforms allow global consumers to shop at any time, and merchants can accurately push product information.
Emerging business models emerge: the sharing economy such as shared bicycles and shared offices improves resource utilization; the Internet celebrity economy attracts fans through content creation and realizes traffic monetization; live e-commerce stimulates consumers to purchase through real-time interaction.
5 numbers to understand the economic environment
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
Meaning: The final result of production activities of all permanent units in a country or region within a certain period of time, measuring the overall scale of the economy and the level of development.
Impact: GDP growth means economic prosperity, corporate development opportunities increase, consumer purchasing power increases, and stimulating consumption and investment.
CPI (Consumer Price Index)
Definition: A macroeconomic indicator that reflects the changes in the price level of consumer goods and services generally purchased by resident families, and measures the degree of inflation.
Business response: CPI rises, prices rise, and corporate production costs increase, which can appropriately increase product prices; consumers will reduce non-essential consumption.
PPI (Industrial Producer Factory Price Index)
Concept: reflects the change trend and range of ex-factory prices of industrial enterprises when they are sold for the first time, and indicates future consumer price trends.
Impact on enterprises: When PPI rises, industrial enterprises may increase profits, but cost control needs to be paid attention to; if it continues to rise, it may be transmitted to the consumer side, affecting consumers' willingness to purchase.
interest rate
Function: An important leverage to regulate the economy, affecting corporate financing costs, consumer savings and investment decisions. Interest rates lower, corporate financing costs decline, stimulating investment; consumers prefer consumption rather than saving.
Corporate strategy: When interest rates are low, enterprises can expand production scale and increase investment; when interest rates are high, reduce liabilities and optimize capital structure.
exchange rate
Meaning: The ratio or price comparison between one country's currency and another country's currency affects import and export trade. The appreciation of the domestic currency is conducive to imports and is not conducive to exports; the depreciation of the domestic currency is conducive to exports and is not conducive to imports.
Corporate decision-making: Export-oriented enterprises can deal with exchange rate fluctuations through hedging and other means; import-oriented enterprises can pay attention to exchange rate changes and choose the right time to purchase.
We only know half of the internet
The stage of Internet development: From the early information display, to the rise of e-commerce, to the popularization of social networks, it has now entered the stage of deep integration of mobile Internet and artificial intelligence, changing people's lives and business operations.
Features of the Internet: information dissemination is fast and extensive, breaking information asymmetry; strong connectivity, realizing the connection between people, people and things, and things; high innovation, giving birth to many new business models.
Impact on business: Reduce marketing costs and increase brand communication speed; expand sales channels and increase market share; promote enterprise digital transformation and improve operational efficiency.
All that we know is wrong
The Internet is not completely free: On the surface, users do not need to pay for using many Internet services, but in fact, users pay "hidden fees" by providing personal data, watching advertisements, etc.
Fierce Internet competition: Although the Internet market seems to be vast, the head effect is obvious and the competition is extremely fierce. New entrants need to have unique advantages in order to gain a foothold in the market.
The Internet is not omnipotent: offline services still have irreplaceable advantages in some areas involving emotional communication and professional in-depth services, such as psychological counseling and high-end customized services.
You see how much money you make, and investors see how much money you are worth
Difference between profit and value: Profit is the operating results of an enterprise within a certain period of time and is a short-term financial indicator; value takes into account the company's future profitability, market position, brand influence and other factors, and is a long-term comprehensive assessment.
Investors pay attention to indicators: Price-to-earnings ratio (the ratio of stock price to earnings per share) reflects the market's expectations for the company's future profit; Price-to-book ratio (the ratio of stock price to net assets per share) measures the quality of the company's asset and valuation level; cash flow reflects the company's Capital liquidity and debt repayment ability.
Methods for enterprises to enhance value: increase R&D investment and enhance product competitiveness; expand market share and improve industry status; strengthen brand building and enhance brand value.
Brand communication that you can learn
Why does Starbucks understand customer management so well
Quality service experience: The employees are enthusiastic and professional, provide personalized services, remember the taste preferences of regular customers; the store environment is comfortable and the decoration style is unique, creating the concept of "third space" and becoming an ideal place for people to work and socialize.
Membership system: Through points and hierarchy systems, consumers are encouraged to continue to consume; provide members with exclusive discounts, new product trials and other benefits to enhance user stickiness.
Product innovation: Continuously launch new flavored beverages and limited products to satisfy consumers' desire to try; pay attention to product quality and strictly control the procurement and production process of raw materials.
How cheap is it to be considered cheap
Cost plus pricing: Based on the product cost, the price is determined by adding expected profits. If a piece of clothing costs 50 yuan and the expected profit margin is 50%, the price is 75 yuan.
Psychological pricing: Use consumer psychological characteristics to price. For example, the last-digit pricing is priced at 9.9 yuan instead of 10 yuan, which makes consumers feel cheap; the integer pricing is priced at 10,000 yuan for high-end products, which gives people a high-quality impression.
Dynamic pricing: Adjust prices in real time based on factors such as market demand, time, competitor prices, etc. If the airline increases the fare when the departure date is approaching according to the flight booking situation.
There is a kind of asset called a brand
Brand value composition: including brand awareness, reputation, and loyalty. Coca-Cola has a very high reputation with its extensive advertising; long-term product quality assurance and good reputation have won reputation; consumers' love for their brand and long-term purchases reflect loyalty.
Brand positioning: clarify the brand’s unique position in the market and meets specific consumer needs. For example, BMW is positioned as "driving fun", attracting consumers who pursue handling performance.
Brand image shaping: shaping a unique brand image through brand name, logo, packaging, advertising, etc. For example, Apple's simple and fashionable product design and advertising style convey a high-end and innovative brand image.
One thing, what should I say
Communication channel selection: Select appropriate channels based on the characteristics of the target audience. If you are targeting young people, you can choose a social media platform; if you are targeting business people, you can choose a professional financial media.
Communication content creation: The content should be attractive, valuable and interesting. For example, popular science short videos explain professional knowledge in a vivid and interesting way to attract users' attention.
Communication effect evaluation: Evaluate communication effect through indicators such as click-through rate, conversion rate, and user comments, and adjust communication strategies in a timely manner.
Negotiation is the art of "giving" and "gaining"
Preparation before negotiation: Understand the other party's needs, interests, and negotiation bottom line; determine your own negotiation goals, strategies and concessions; collect relevant information, such as market conditions and competitor situations.
Use of negotiation strategies: Create a good atmosphere at the beginning and build trust; follow the principle of "high opening and low bid" when quoting; in the stalemate, strategies such as compromise and exchange conditions can be used to break the deadlock.
Negotiation skills: Be good at listening and understand the other party’s intentions; express your own views clearly to avoid ambiguity; use body language, tone and tone to enhance persuasion.
Self-iteration that can be done
Goal-oriented learning: clarify learning goals, formulate detailed learning plans, break down large goals into small goals, and execute them according to the plan. For example, if you study English, you will set a plan to pass the CET-6 exam within half a year, and make a plan to recite words, practice listening and reading every day.
Diversified learning methods: combine reading books, watching teaching videos, participating in training courses, and practical operations to learn. To learn programming, you can first read the book and master theoretical knowledge, then practice online courses, and finally participate in actual projects.
Knowledge management: Establish a knowledge system and classify and organize the knowledge learned for easy retrieval and application. Use note-taking software to record knowledge points, cases and personal insights.
Communication means speaking well? Too stupid and naive
Listening skills: focus on the other person's speech, do not interrupt casually; give feedback through eye contact, nodding, etc.; understand the emotions and needs behind the other person's words.
Expression skills: The language is concise and clear, and the logic is clear; the expression method is adjusted according to the other party's characteristics; the use of stories and cases to enhance persuasion.
Non-verbal communication: Pay attention to body language, facial expressions, tone, etc., to keep it consistent with language expression and enhance communication effect. Such as confident standing posture and sincere eye contact.
Let others do what you want him to do
Build trust: maintain honesty, trustworthy, consistent words and deeds; care about others' needs and provide help; demonstrate professional ability and win recognition from others.
Set an example: set an example and influence others with practical actions. When the leader asks employees to work overtime, they will take the lead in sticking to their posts.
Motivate others: understand other people's needs and motivations, give appropriate rewards and recognition; set clear goals for others, and stimulate motivation for work.
You and Bill Gates are only 24 hours
Time management matrix: divide affairs into four categories according to importance and urgency: important and urgent, important and non-urgent, urgent, and non-important. Priority is given to handling important and urgent matters, rational arrangement of important and non-emergency affairs, and reducing urgent matters. Time occupies both important and unimportant matters.
Avoid procrastination: Set clear time nodes and task lists; break down large tasks into small tasks and complete them step by step; use reward and punishment mechanisms to motivate yourself to complete tasks on time.
Improve efficiency: Use fragmented time, such as listening to audio courses while riding; learn to authorize and hand over non-critical tasks to others; use efficient tools, such as project management software to plan and track tasks.
What kind of person you become depends on yourself
Self-cognition method: review past experiences through self-reflection and analyze your own strengths and shortcomings; use other people's evaluations, such as feedback from friends and colleagues, to obtain multi-perspective cognition; conduct psychological tests, such as MBTI personality tests, to understand your own personality traits and careers tendency.
Principles of goal setting: The goal must follow the SMART principle, namely, specific, measurable, attainable, related, and time-bound. For example, increasing sales by 20% within one year is in line with the SMART principle.
Continuous growth strategy: maintain curiosity, actively explore new fields and new knowledge; be brave to try new things, accumulate experience in practice; review regularly, summarize the lessons learned by success and failure, and adjust the direction of development.
Data-driven decision-making
Data collection channels: The company collects internally through sales records, customer relationship management systems, employee performance data, etc.; externally, data is obtained through market research organization reports, industry databases, and social media monitoring tools.
Data analysis method: Descriptive analysis is used to summarize the basic characteristics of data, such as mean, median, mode; correlation analysis explores the degree of correlation between variables; predictive analysis uses historical data to build models and predict future trends, such as sales forecasting models .
Data decision-making application: Optimize product functions based on user behavior data, adjust marketing strategies based on market data, and formulate budgets and investment decisions based on financial data.
Build an efficient team
Key points of team building: Focus on complementary skills among members, covering professional skills, communication skills, innovative thinking, etc.; examine the compatibility of member values and team culture to ensure consistency in goals.
Team incentive mechanism: material incentives set performance bonuses, equity incentives, etc.; spiritual incentives meet members' sense of accomplishment and belonging needs through public praise, honorary titles, promotion opportunities, etc.
Team communication and collaboration: Establish regular communication mechanisms, such as weekly meetings and project progress report meetings; use collaboration tools, such as online documents and project management platforms to improve information sharing and collaboration efficiency; cultivate communication skills of team members and encourage open and transparent communication Atmosphere.
Innovation-driven development
Cultivating innovative thinking: Inspire innovation inspiration through brainstorming, reverse thinking, analogy thinking and other methods; create an environment that encourages innovation, allows failure, and tolerate different perspectives.
Product innovation strategy: micro-innovation based on user needs, such as optimization of mobile phone functions; carry out disruptive innovation, create new product categories, such as smartphones replacing traditional mobile phones.
Innovation management process: Establish a special innovation department or project team; establish an innovation evaluation mechanism to evaluate the feasibility and profitability of innovative projects; reasonably allocate innovation resources to ensure the smooth progress of innovative projects.