Opportunity Cost

Comparative Advantages

Sunken cost

Marginal cost

Transaction Cost

Supply and Demand Theorem

Demand elasticity

Veblen Products

Marginal utility

Price discrimination

Prisoner's Dilemma

Hostage Dilemma

Wisdom Pig Game

Cockfighting

Herd effect

Bait effect

Four forms of cognition

The limitations of traditional economy: mainly physical stores and offline transactions, and are subject to regional and business hours, with high customer acquisition costs and slow market expansion. For example, traditional clothing stores can only serve customers in limited areas.

The rise of the Internet economy: breaking the limitations of time and space, and based on technologies such as big data and cloud computing, realizing precise marketing, reducing transaction costs, and expanding rapidly in the market. E-commerce platforms allow global consumers to shop at any time, and merchants can accurately push product information.

Emerging business models emerge: the sharing economy such as shared bicycles and shared offices improves resource utilization; the Internet celebrity economy attracts fans through content creation and realizes traffic monetization; live e-commerce stimulates consumers to purchase through real-time interaction.

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

CPI (Consumer Price Index)

PPI (Industrial Producer Factory Price Index)

interest rate

exchange rate

The stage of Internet development: From the early information display, to the rise of e-commerce, to the popularization of social networks, it has now entered the stage of deep integration of mobile Internet and artificial intelligence, changing people's lives and business operations.

Features of the Internet: information dissemination is fast and extensive, breaking information asymmetry; strong connectivity, realizing the connection between people, people and things, and things; high innovation, giving birth to many new business models.

Impact on business: Reduce marketing costs and increase brand communication speed; expand sales channels and increase market share; promote enterprise digital transformation and improve operational efficiency.

The Internet is not completely free: On the surface, users do not need to pay for using many Internet services, but in fact, users pay "hidden fees" by providing personal data, watching advertisements, etc.

Fierce Internet competition: Although the Internet market seems to be vast, the head effect is obvious and the competition is extremely fierce. New entrants need to have unique advantages in order to gain a foothold in the market.

The Internet is not omnipotent: offline services still have irreplaceable advantages in some areas involving emotional communication and professional in-depth services, such as psychological counseling and high-end customized services.

Difference between profit and value: Profit is the operating results of an enterprise within a certain period of time and is a short-term financial indicator; value takes into account the company's future profitability, market position, brand influence and other factors, and is a long-term comprehensive assessment.

Investors pay attention to indicators: Price-to-earnings ratio (the ratio of stock price to earnings per share) reflects the market's expectations for the company's future profit; Price-to-book ratio (the ratio of stock price to net assets per share) measures the quality of the company's asset and valuation level; cash flow reflects the company's Capital liquidity and debt repayment ability.

Methods for enterprises to enhance value: increase R&D investment and enhance product competitiveness; expand market share and improve industry status; strengthen brand building and enhance brand value.

Quality service experience: The employees are enthusiastic and professional, provide personalized services, remember the taste preferences of regular customers; the store environment is comfortable and the decoration style is unique, creating the concept of "third space" and becoming an ideal place for people to work and socialize.

Membership system: Through points and hierarchy systems, consumers are encouraged to continue to consume; provide members with exclusive discounts, new product trials and other benefits to enhance user stickiness.

Product innovation: Continuously launch new flavored beverages and limited products to satisfy consumers' desire to try; pay attention to product quality and strictly control the procurement and production process of raw materials.

Cost plus pricing: Based on the product cost, the price is determined by adding expected profits. If a piece of clothing costs 50 yuan and the expected profit margin is 50%, the price is 75 yuan.

Psychological pricing: Use consumer psychological characteristics to price. For example, the last-digit pricing is priced at 9.9 yuan instead of 10 yuan, which makes consumers feel cheap; the integer pricing is priced at 10,000 yuan for high-end products, which gives people a high-quality impression.

Dynamic pricing: Adjust prices in real time based on factors such as market demand, time, competitor prices, etc. If the airline increases the fare when the departure date is approaching according to the flight booking situation.

Brand value composition: including brand awareness, reputation, and loyalty. Coca-Cola has a very high reputation with its extensive advertising; long-term product quality assurance and good reputation have won reputation; consumers' love for their brand and long-term purchases reflect loyalty.

Brand positioning: clarify the brand’s unique position in the market and meets specific consumer needs. For example, BMW is positioned as "driving fun", attracting consumers who pursue handling performance.

Brand image shaping: shaping a unique brand image through brand name, logo, packaging, advertising, etc. For example, Apple's simple and fashionable product design and advertising style convey a high-end and innovative brand image.

Communication channel selection: Select appropriate channels based on the characteristics of the target audience. If you are targeting young people, you can choose a social media platform; if you are targeting business people, you can choose a professional financial media.

Communication content creation: The content should be attractive, valuable and interesting. For example, popular science short videos explain professional knowledge in a vivid and interesting way to attract users' attention.

Communication effect evaluation: Evaluate communication effect through indicators such as click-through rate, conversion rate, and user comments, and adjust communication strategies in a timely manner.

Preparation before negotiation: Understand the other party's needs, interests, and negotiation bottom line; determine your own negotiation goals, strategies and concessions; collect relevant information, such as market conditions and competitor situations.

Use of negotiation strategies: Create a good atmosphere at the beginning and build trust; follow the principle of "high opening and low bid" when quoting; in the stalemate, strategies such as compromise and exchange conditions can be used to break the deadlock.

Negotiation skills: Be good at listening and understand the other party’s intentions; express your own views clearly to avoid ambiguity; use body language, tone and tone to enhance persuasion.

Goal-oriented learning: clarify learning goals, formulate detailed learning plans, break down large goals into small goals, and execute them according to the plan. For example, if you study English, you will set a plan to pass the CET-6 exam within half a year, and make a plan to recite words, practice listening and reading every day.

Diversified learning methods: combine reading books, watching teaching videos, participating in training courses, and practical operations to learn. To learn programming, you can first read the book and master theoretical knowledge, then practice online courses, and finally participate in actual projects.

Knowledge management: Establish a knowledge system and classify and organize the knowledge learned for easy retrieval and application. Use note-taking software to record knowledge points, cases and personal insights.

Listening skills: focus on the other person's speech, do not interrupt casually; give feedback through eye contact, nodding, etc.; understand the emotions and needs behind the other person's words.

Expression skills: The language is concise and clear, and the logic is clear; the expression method is adjusted according to the other party's characteristics; the use of stories and cases to enhance persuasion.

Non-verbal communication: Pay attention to body language, facial expressions, tone, etc., to keep it consistent with language expression and enhance communication effect. Such as confident standing posture and sincere eye contact.

Build trust: maintain honesty, trustworthy, consistent words and deeds; care about others' needs and provide help; demonstrate professional ability and win recognition from others.

Set an example: set an example and influence others with practical actions. When the leader asks employees to work overtime, they will take the lead in sticking to their posts.

Motivate others: understand other people's needs and motivations, give appropriate rewards and recognition; set clear goals for others, and stimulate motivation for work.

Time management matrix: divide affairs into four categories according to importance and urgency: important and urgent, important and non-urgent, urgent, and non-important. Priority is given to handling important and urgent matters, rational arrangement of important and non-emergency affairs, and reducing urgent matters. Time occupies both important and unimportant matters.

Avoid procrastination: Set clear time nodes and task lists; break down large tasks into small tasks and complete them step by step; use reward and punishment mechanisms to motivate yourself to complete tasks on time.

Improve efficiency: Use fragmented time, such as listening to audio courses while riding; learn to authorize and hand over non-critical tasks to others; use efficient tools, such as project management software to plan and track tasks.

Self-cognition method: review past experiences through self-reflection and analyze your own strengths and shortcomings; use other people's evaluations, such as feedback from friends and colleagues, to obtain multi-perspective cognition; conduct psychological tests, such as MBTI personality tests, to understand your own personality traits and careers tendency.

Principles of goal setting: The goal must follow the SMART principle, namely, specific, measurable, attainable, related, and time-bound. For example, increasing sales by 20% within one year is in line with the SMART principle.

Continuous growth strategy: maintain curiosity, actively explore new fields and new knowledge; be brave to try new things, accumulate experience in practice; review regularly, summarize the lessons learned by success and failure, and adjust the direction of development.

Data collection channels: The company collects internally through sales records, customer relationship management systems, employee performance data, etc.; externally, data is obtained through market research organization reports, industry databases, and social media monitoring tools.

Data analysis method: Descriptive analysis is used to summarize the basic characteristics of data, such as mean, median, mode; correlation analysis explores the degree of correlation between variables; predictive analysis uses historical data to build models and predict future trends, such as sales forecasting models .

Data decision-making application: Optimize product functions based on user behavior data, adjust marketing strategies based on market data, and formulate budgets and investment decisions based on financial data.

Key points of team building: Focus on complementary skills among members, covering professional skills, communication skills, innovative thinking, etc.; examine the compatibility of member values ​​and team culture to ensure consistency in goals.

Team incentive mechanism: material incentives set performance bonuses, equity incentives, etc.; spiritual incentives meet members' sense of accomplishment and belonging needs through public praise, honorary titles, promotion opportunities, etc.

Team communication and collaboration: Establish regular communication mechanisms, such as weekly meetings and project progress report meetings; use collaboration tools, such as online documents and project management platforms to improve information sharing and collaboration efficiency; cultivate communication skills of team members and encourage open and transparent communication Atmosphere.

Cultivating innovative thinking: Inspire innovation inspiration through brainstorming, reverse thinking, analogy thinking and other methods; create an environment that encourages innovation, allows failure, and tolerate different perspectives.

Product innovation strategy: micro-innovation based on user needs, such as optimization of mobile phone functions; carry out disruptive innovation, create new product categories, such as smartphones replacing traditional mobile phones.

Innovation management process: Establish a special innovation department or project team; establish an innovation evaluation mechanism to evaluate the feasibility and profitability of innovative projects; reasonably allocate innovation resources to ensure the smooth progress of innovative projects.