MindMap Gallery 1.1 The emergence and development of education
Chapter 1 of the Education Knowledge and Ability of the Second Educational Subject, the mind map helps you clarify your ideas while marking the difficulties, allowing you to achieve twice the result with half the effort and learn more efficiently. It is suitable as a review material.
Edited at 2025-01-04 20:56:30Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
1.1 The emergence and development of education
Meaning (high frequency)
"Education" first originated from "Mencius·The Complete Heart" - "Educate the world's talents and educate them"
Broadly: "Three Powers of Education" - Family Education, School Education (Terminal), Social Education
Narrow sense: school education - educators exert their influence on the educated in a purposeful, planned and organized manner - "The most strict organization and the most systematic content"
Basic elements (understand)
Educators – play a leading role in educational activities
The educated person - the object of education and the subject of learning
The impact of education – the link between educators and educated people
Form (understand)
Home, school, society
Education in agricultural society, industrial society, information society
Attributes (high frequency)
Essential attributes: Education is a social activity that aims at cultivating people.
1. Frequently Asked Questions
1.教育区别于其他社会活动的根本特征是什么?
2.教育的质的规定性是什么?
Examples of non-educational phenomena
By chance...
The object is an animal
Instinctive, innate
Social attributes
Eternity - When people are educated
Historical - Different ancient and modern times (different characteristics of different periods)
Inheritance/historical inheritance—the same thing as ancient and modern times (reservation, continuation)
Long-term – long talent training cycle
Relative independence—Education is ahead of the economy or lags behind
Productive – Educational activities are potential investments
Function (high frequency)
Divided by the role of educational functions
Individual development function (ontological function)
Expression 1: Individual socialization - growing from a "natural person" to a "social person" (comply with social standards)
Expression 2: Individual personalization - everyone is different (unique, with personality)
Social development function (derived function, tool function) (latest than individual development)
Expression 1: The social change function of education - macro perspective, the impact of education on politics, economy and culture
Performance 2: The social mobility function of education - changes in regional, occupational and social levels
Divided by the nature of educational functions
Positive function – Education has a "positive, promoting, positive" effect on individuals and society
Negative function—The role of education in "negative, hindering, and unfavorable" on individuals and society
Divided by the form of educational function presentation
The dominant function is not necessarily a positive function, and the invisible function is not necessarily a negative function.
Explicit function—planned and expected
Implicit function – unplanned, unexpected
Origin (understand)
Theory of biological origin (instinctive interest)
Instinct: Animals' survival instinct
Life: Theory of the Origin of Biology
Interest: Litorno, Pessie Neng
Psychological Origin Theory (Psychological Imitation Meng Lu)
Psychology: Theory of origin of psychology
Imitation: Unconscious imitation
Meng Lu: Meng Lu
Theory of the Origin of Labor (Mikai loves labor)
Mikay: Midinsky, Kelov
Labor: Theory of the Origin of Labor
Development (high frequency, single choice)
Primitive Society (understand)
Causes and conditions
The root cause: the need for human survival and development
Fundamental conditions: the emergence of labor
Another necessary condition: the formation of language
Features
Classless, fairness: Educational opportunities are equal for all children
Education is integrated with productive labor and social life: without schools, educational activities are integrated in production and life
Simple educational content and single educational methods: observation and imitation, influence by ears and ears, and word of mouth
Ancient society (high frequency)
History of Chinese Education
Slave Society (Education is separated from productive labor)
Xia Dynasty——The earliest form of education appeared in China——
Shang Dynasty
Western Zhou Dynasty - Aristocrats (learning in government and integrating politics and education) (Confucius - private school run)
Spring and Autumn
Education content: Six arts (ritual, music, archery, monarchy, books, numbers), ritual and music are the core
Feudal society
Warring States
Han dynasties——A recommendation from bottom to top
Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
Sui and Tang Dynasties—Imperial Examination System (Rise)
Song Yuan
Ming and Qing dynasties—Imperial Examination System (abolized in 1905)
Education content: Four Books and Five Classics (Four Books: Mencius, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Great, The Analects of Confucius; Five Classics: The Book of Songs, The Book of Books, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, The Book of Changes, The Book of Changes, The Spring and Autumn Annals; The formula: Mencius The Chinese great discussions, poetry, calligraphy and etiquette are easy to spring and autumn.
History of Foreign Education
slave society
Ancient Egypt - monks are the teacher and officials are the teacher (mainly governing ability)
Ancient India
Ancient Greece
Sparta (Shangwu): Cultivate soldiers and warriors
Athens (Chongwen): Harmonious development in many aspects of virtue, intelligence, physical fitness and beauty
Feudal society
Western Europe (Medieval)
Church Education: Seven Arts
Knight Education: Seven Skills
Overall Characteristics (Understanding)
Schools were born in ancient times:
In ancient times, school education and production labor want to be separated
Class: "You have something and I don't have it"; hierarchy: "You have something and I have something and I have something and I have nothing to say"
Content—orthodox; management—authoritarian; method—stereotype; status—symbolism
Ancient school education has developed initially, and a complex structural system has not yet been formed
Modern society: The rise of public education - Germany's earliest implementation of compulsory education system - secularization of education - attach importance to education legislation
Characteristics of post-20th century education: (the whole nation appears more) universalization, democratization, diversification, modernization, lifelong