MindMap Gallery Elevated aminotransferase
This is a mind map about the elevated aminotransferase, which mainly includes: autoimmune liver disease, treatment, diagnosis and treatment, common causes of elevation, and locations of existence.
Edited at 2025-01-04 13:44:41Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Elevated aminotransferase
Parts of existence
Hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells and cardiomyocytes are very low under normal circumstances. When these organs are damaged, transaminase is released into the blood, causing the serum transaminase to increase.
Common causes of elevation
Liver damage
Most of them are mainly elevated ALT, viral and drug-induced hepatitis, EB virus infection, CMV virus infection, biliary tract infection, infection toxic liver injury, congestive liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, genetic metabolism Hepatic disease, Leptospirosis, Schistosoma and Cymbiosis
Alcoholic liver disease mainly caused by elevated AST
Damage to the biliary system
ALT AST is increased, mostly accompanied by the increase of GGT ALP
Bone Diseases
Rhabdomyolysis, dermatomyositis
Myocardial damage
AST is higher than ALT
Other diseases
Typhoid fever, leaflets, hemorrhagic fever in renal syndrome, brucellosis, sepsis, etc., menstrual period, staying up late, anxiety, etc.
Diagnosis and treatment
Ask for any symptoms of hepatitis or liver disease and accompanying symptoms
Ask about the epidemiological history, family history, vaccination history, unclean injection history and blood transfusion history
Drinking history
History of drug application
Especially health products and Chinese patent medicines
Other medical history
Thyroid disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and history of diabetes
Physical examination
Are there any liver palms, spider nevus and liver spleen?
Laboratory inspection
Three major conventional, biochemical, viral hepatitis indicators, infection indicators, immune disease indicators, and tumor indicators
Imaging examination
Autoimmune liver disease
Autoimmune hepatitis
It is a parenchymal inflammation of the liver mediated by an autoimmune response to hepatocytes
Autoantibodies, elevated IgG and hypergamma globulinemia, hepatopathology shows interfacial hepatitis
Classification
Type I
ANA SMA or anti-SLA/LP positive
Type II
LKM-1 The latter LC-1 is positive
Primary biliary cirrhosis PBC
More common in middle-aged women, fatigue, itchy skin, jaundice, osteoporosis and fat-soluble vitamin deficiency
The most common is the significant increase in ALP GGT, with AST and ALT slightly elevated, usually 2-4 ULN
Mainly with IgM elevation, AMA positive is the most diagnostic laboratory indicator, especially AMA-M2 is the most specific
All patients with cholestasis should undergo ultrasound examination of the hepatobiliary system. Ultrasound indicates that the hepatobiliary system is normal, and patients with AMA-positive PBC can be considered
Liver tissue biopsy
ANA AMA SP100 gp120 P62KANGT
Portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and varicose veins in the esophageal and gastric fundus may occur later.
It is easy to combine multiple autoimmune diseases, the most common of which is liver syndrome
Primary sclerotic cholangitis PSC
Idiopathic intrahepatic bile duct inflammation and fibrosis lead to multifocal bile duct stenosis, and chronic cholestatic lesions are the main clinical manifestations of autoimmune liver disease.
Autoimmune Choleductitis
Overlapping syndrome
treat
Hepatoprotective treatment, bicyclol, glycyrrhizine diamine, reducing glutathione, ursodeoxycholic acid (13-15mg/kg/d)