MindMap Gallery Nursing care for patients with gastroduodenal disease
This is a mind map about the care of patients with gastroduodenal diseases. The content provides a comprehensive introduction from multiple aspects such as etiology, clinical manifestations, processing principles and prevention.
Edited at 2025-02-26 14:52:54Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Nursing care for patients with gastroduodenal disease
Gastric duodenum
Causes
HP infection
Abnormal gastric acid secretion
Gastric mucosal barrier damage
Genetics, smoking, psychological stress, etc.
Good hair parts
Duodenal bulb
Clinical manifestations
Duodenal ulcer
The tenderness point is on the lower right side of the umbilical
Periodic attacks
Taking antacid drugs or eating can relieve pain
Post-marriage delay pain, hunger pain, night pain
Gastric ulcer
Pain after meal
Eating pain cannot be relieved
Taking antacid drugs are ineffective
Easy to relapse
Prone to major bleeding
The tenderness point is located at the midline or left between the xiphoid process and the umbilical artery
complication
perforation
Bleeding
Critical pyloric obstruction
Auxiliary inspection
gastroscopy
X-ray barium meal examination
Gastric acid determination
Handling Principles
Non-surgical treatment
General treatment
Drug treatment
Surgical treatment
Major gastrectomy
Bi-type major gastrectomy
Key points of care
Preoperative
Position
diet
Patients with ulcers during remission period eat 3 days before the operation, fast for 12 hours before the operation, and prohibit drinking for 4 hours.
Gastric bleeding, gastric perforation or pylorus] obstruction should be fasted after admission
Gastrointestinal decompression
Intravenous fluid
Sickness observation
Preoperative preparation
Indwelling gastric tube elective surgery for patients with early morning placement of gastric tube
If it is acute gastric perforation, pyloric obstruction or severe gastric bleeding, gastrointestinal decompression should be placed immediately after admission.
Psychological care
Postoperatively
Sickness observation
Reasonable positioning
Drainage tube care (gastric tube, drainage tube, urethral catheter)
Fasting, infusion care
Encourage early activities
Dietary Care
Observation and treatment of complications
Postoperative gastric bleeding
Duodenal stump rupture
Anastomotic rupture or anastomotic fistula
Gastric emptying disorder
Postoperative obstruction
Input fobstruction
Acute complete input obstruction
Chronic incomplete input obstruction
Output flaw
Anastomotic obstruction
dump syndrome
After major gastrectomy, the control of gastric emptying is lost, resulting in a series of syndromes caused by excessive gastrectomy.
Early dumping syndrome
Late penetration syndrome
Gastric cancer
Causes
Regional environment and dietary life factors
Helicobacter pylori
Precancerous lesions
Benign and chronic gastric diseases, gastric ulcers, gastric polyps, Chronic atrophic gastritis, residual stomach, and epithelial metaplasia of gastric mucosa
Genetics
Pathophysiology
Early gastric cancer (EGC)
Progressive gastric cancer (AGC)
Clinical manifestations
Early gastric cancer has no obvious symptoms
The progress of the disease may include upper abdominal pain, loss of appetite, vomiting, and loss of weight
Cardiac gastric cancer may cause poststernum pain and progressive choking
Cancer near pylorus may vomit and eat
Tumors may have vomiting of blood vessels and black stools
In the late stage, the upper abdominal mass can be palpated
If there is distant metastasis, there may be enlarged liver, ascites, and supraclavicular lymph nodes.
Auxiliary inspection
Fiber gastroscopy is an effective method to diagnose early gastric cancer
X-ray barium meal examination
Abdomen ultrasound
Spiral CT
Handling Principles
Surgical treatment for radical surgery, palliative resection
Chemotherapy
Other treatments: radiotherapy, thermal therapy, immunotherapy
Nursing Diagnosis
Anxiety/Fear: It is related to the patient's fear of cancer, concerns about treatment effects and prognosis
Nutritional disorders are lower than the body's needs: related to long-term loss of appetite, malabsorption and increased consumption caused by cancer
Potential complications: bleeding, duodenal stump rupture, anastomotic fistula, digestive tract obstruction, dumping syndrome, etc.
Preoperative preparation
Relieve anxiety and fear
Improve nutritional status
Gastrointestinal preparation
Patients with pyloric obstruction will be given gastric lavage every night from 3 days before the operation - oral intestinal intestines will not absorb antibacterial drugs 3 days before the operation, and clean the intestines if necessary.
Postoperative care
Sickness observation
Position (if blood pressure is stable, take the lower half-lying position)
Fasting, gastrointestinal decompression
Nutritional support
Early activities
Observation and care of complications
Prevention of gastric cancer
Actively treat precancerous diseases of HP infection and gastric cancer - eat less pickled, smoked, and roasted foods, quit smoking and alcohol - regular check-ups for high-risk groups
Exercise appropriately
Regular review