Rest and position: Lying flat, absolutely lying on the bed for 24 hours, stretching the limbs and braking for 8 to 12 hours, and you can perform activities of the toes and ankles. Knee bends, hip bends and other movements are prohibited. Diet: After checking and returning to the room, drink 200ml of water immediately, and drink 200ml of water again after 30 minutes. Drink 200ml of water every 30 minutes, and drink 1000ml of water in 2 hours to promote the elimination of contrast agents. After 4 hours after the operation, you can eat liquid and gradually overeat the general diet to avoid eating gas-producing food. Observation of the disease: observe changes in consciousness, pupils, and vital signs; the arterial sheath can be removed after the operation, locally pressed for 20 minutes, bandage pressure bandage, sandbag pressed for 6 hours, gauze pressure bandage for 24 hours; observe whether there is bleeding at the puncture site and whether there is hematoma around it; the color, temperature of the skin at the distal lower limbs and the dorsal artery pulsation of the dorsal foot artery; turn over: turn over q2h during braking, massage the limbs; take the surgery lying position, straighten the lower limbs, flex the healthy side, and maintain functional positions of each joint; use axial turn over when turning over, and the angle does not exceed 60; Medication care: As prescribed by the doctor, give nimodipine injection, pay attention to whether there are side effects such as flushing, slowing heart rate, and lower blood pressure. Health education: The affected limb is braking for 24 hours, and the iliac joint is in a straightened position; guide the bed to eat and defecate, and drink at least 1500ml of water in 3 hours; Contrast results: Negative; patients with aneurysms or vascular malformations should do a good job in preventing bleeding (rest in bed, avoid strenuous exercise, emotional excitement, hard defecation and hard cough, etc.).

Absolutely rest in bed, raise the head of the bed by 30°; stop bleeding; reduce intracranial pressure; control blood pressure; control and prevent epilepsy; sedate and analgesic; keep the stool unobstructed; prevent and treat cerebral vasospasm.

Craniotomy

Endvascular embolization

The patient will definitely be bedridden during bleeding and activity, try to avoid unnecessary stimulation, keep the ward quiet, reduce visits, and ensure sufficient rest and sleep. Avoid factors that induce increased intracranial pressure: vigorous activity, sneezing, coughing hard, defecation hard, emotional excitement, and inducing irritating food, etc. Observe the patient's condition closely and detect signs of bleeding and rebleeding in a timely manner. Training to urinate and defecate in bed to avoid postoperative inability to cause constipation or urinary retention. Give a light and easy-to-digest diet, and start eating and drinking at 22:00 on the night before the operation. Control hypertension and take antihypertensive drugs regularly. The skin preparation site of patients with aneurysm clamping is the head, and the skin preparation site of patients with interventional surgery is the groin.

After the operation, the head of the bed was elevated by 15-30° lying position and the continuous inhalation of oxygen by 3 liters per minute is helpful to relieve the patient's headache. The next day after the operation, you can enter a little liquid or semi-flow diet according to the condition, and gradually transition to a normal diet, with a small amount of meals, and do not eat too quickly to prevent choking and pay attention to increasing nutrition. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, encourage coughing out the sputum from the oropharynx, take deep breaths frequently, and effectively cough up phlegm. Properly fix each drainage tube: Pay attention to the inner opening of each drainage bag to prevent countercurrent infection, and prevent each drainage tube from twisting, eroding, and being compressed. Keep the drainage tube sterile and effective drainage. Observe the color and quantity of the drainage fluid, find problems, and report it to medical staff in a timely manner. The changes in body temperature are observed after the operation. The body temperature fluctuates around 38°C on the 3rd day after the operation, which is a normal phenomenon of heat absorption in the tissue. If the body temperature tends to rise after 3 days, beware of the possibility of infection and visits should be strictly restricted. Keep the urinary catheter in place unobstructed, close and open the catheter regularly, encourage patients to drink more water, and patients have the conscious desire to urinate, remove the catheter in time, and urinate and defecate on the bed. Strengthen limb movements in the bed after the operation. If there is limb movement disorder, passive exercise will be given twice a day for 30 minutes each time. Pay attention to turning over to avoid local skin compression and increase nutrition.

After the operation, the head of the bed was elevated by 15-30° lying position to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, and oxygen was given 3 liters per minute to continuously inhaled. Observation of the disease: Closely monitor changes in consciousness, pupils, vital signs and limb activities after surgery. Observe the pulse and puncture points of the dorsal foot on the side of the surgery. If there is local swelling, bleeding, dorsal foot artery pulsation, skin color and temperature abnormality, report it to the doctor immediately for treatment. Position and activity: After the operation, the limbs on the puncture side were braking for 24 hours, the sandbags pressed the puncture point for 12 hours, and closely observed whether there was blood or fluid in the puncture point. Vascular active drugs should be used pump-controlled, and the effect of the drug should be observed every hour, and the speed should be adjusted according to the target blood pressure and instant blood pressure. Follow the doctor's advice to do treatments such as expansion, dehydration and anti-epileptics. Dietary care: Follow the doctor's advice on the day after the operation to routinely fast and drink. Eat the next day to give a high-calorie, low-protein, vitamin-rich, light, and easy-to-digestible diet. Observation of complications: Pay attention to complications such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral vasospasm, cerebral infarction, epilepsy, pain, etc.