MindMap Gallery Heart valve disease
This is a mind map about heart valve disease, the main contents include: aortic valve insufficiency, aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve insufficiency, mitral valve stenosis, basic knowledge.
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Heart valve disease
Basic knowledge
Location
Mitral valve position
Apical part of the heart
Aortic valve
The second intercostal right edge of the sternum / the third intercostal left edge of the sternum
valve
Annulus
Leaf
Tendon tract
Nipple muscles
Heart contraction and diastolic
Heart contraction
Left ventricular contraction
Systolic period
Mitral valve closure
Two incomplete
Aortic valve open
Main narrow
Heart relaxation
Left ventricular diastolic
Diastolic period
Mitral valve open
Two narrow
Aortic valve closure
The Lord is incomplete
Heart sound
Normal heart sound
First heart sound
Atrioventricular valve closure sound
Second heart sound
Close sounds of aortic valve (A2) & pulmonary valve (P2)
The third heart sound
Vibration of the chamber wall during ventricular contraction
Fourth Heart Sound
Vibration of the room wall when the atrium is contracted
Miscellaneous
A total of 6 levels
>Level 3/6
Pathological murmur
Mitral valve stenosis
1. Normal physiology
Mitral valve area
4-6cm2
2046
Two narrow
Mild
>1.5cm2
Moderate
1.0-1.5
Heavy
<1.0
FAW Volkswagen
2. Causes
Most common
Rheumatism fever
Licking the joints and biting the heart
Elderly
Leaf degeneration, calcification
child
Congenital deformity
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
3. pathology
Two stenosis → left atrial congestion → pulmonary vein congestion → pulmonary congestion → pulmonary artery congestion → pulmonary artery hypertension → right heart congestion
The earliest structural changes
Left atrium
What won't get bigger is
Left heart ventricular
4. Performance
Difficulty in breathing
The earliest symptoms
Later
Paroxysmal dyspnea at night
Patients with sterility may relieve dyspnea
There is less blood ejaculation into the lungs of the right ventricle
cough
dry cough
Foamy phlegm
Blood palpitations
Great blood pleating
Bronchial vein rupture
About blood pleating
Consider branch expansion in the respiratory system
Consider the circulatory system
Bloody squirrel in the sputum
CAP rupture of lung
Gum-like dark red phlegm
Combined pulmonary infarction
Pink foamy phlegm
Acute pulmonary edema
embolism
Atrial fibrillation
One is afraid of coming soon and two is afraid of being tying
5. Signs
Two narrow face
Cheeks flushed
A 20-year-old girl blushed easily
The main sign
Apical part of the heart
mitral valve corresponding to the apical
Diastolic period
Stenosis occurs during diastolic period
Rumble
Miscellaneous
Incremental
Secondary signs
Two-stenosis → Pulmonary congestion → Pulmonary artery congestion → Pulmonary artery hypertension → Pulmonary valve annulus
Pulmonary valve insufficiency
Pulmonary valve Diastolic murmur
Graham--steel murmur
First heart sound
Hypertension
Er Sashu, deaf ears, his condition worsened, and his second brother died
6. examine
Chest X-ray
Heart Shadow
Left room large
Heart waist bulge
Pear-shaped heart
Ersa Shu loves to eat pears
Lung shadow
Pulmonary edema
Kerley B-line
ECG
Double peak P wave
Ersa Shu also likes double peaks
UCG
The most valuable/most meaningful
7. treat
Symptom-based treatment
Anticoagulant therapy
Warfarin
Use with caution
Digitalis
Vascular dilated drugs (artery dilated drugs)
Originally, there was less blood ejaculation to the aorta, and the blood pressure would be lower when the blood vessels were expanded.
Optional
Nitrates
Surgical treatment
Balloplasty
Valve replacement
8. complication
Most common
Atrial fibrillation
embolism
Heart failure
Endcarditis
pneumonia
Mitral valve incomplete closure
Causes
Annulus
The left atrium and left ventricle become larger
Leaf
Most common
Wind heart disease, rheumatism and fever
Tendon tract
fracture
Nipple muscles
Coronary heart disease causes myocardial ischemia → papillary ischemia → insufficiency
If the mitral valve protrudes into the left atrium → mitral valve prolapse
pathology
Secondary insufficiency → Left atrial congestion → Pulmonary artery congestion → Right heart congestion → Right heart failure
Performance
Acute diopathic insufficiency
Mild symptoms
Mild breathing difficulties
Severe illness
Acute pulmonary edema
Cough pink foam phlegm
Chronic dysfunction
Exercise dyspnea → paroxysmal dyspnea at night → sitting upright breathing
Signs
The main sign
Apical part of the heart
The corresponding apical area of the mitral valve
Systolic period
The 2 incompleteness occurs during the systolic period
Blow-up sample
Miscellaneous
Consistent
Consistent blowing
Pulse like lifting
Classification
Acute diopathic insufficiency
No heart swelling
Too anxious to compensate
Chronic dysfunction
The heart expands to the lower left
There is a lot of blood in the left atrium, and there is also more blood in the left ventricle
examine
X-ray chest film
Heart Shadow
Spherical center
It's quite philosophical
The blood flows back and forth in the left atrium and left ventricle, and cannot ejaculate. In the later stage, the right ventricle will become hypertrophy and will become spherical.
VS 2 Symptoms The left ventricle is definitely not hypertrophy
Lung shadow
Pulmonary edema
Kerley B-line
ECG
There may be double peak P wave
Thickening of left atrium
Only seen in chronic patients, acute patients are not too late to grow
UCG
The most valuable/most meaningful
Hammock change
Prolapse of mitral valve
treat
drug
Acute diopathic insufficiency
Pulmonary edema
Sodium nitroprus
Chronic dysfunction
Heart enlargement, myocardial remodeling
First choice: ACEI
Protect myocardial muscles
Operation
Valve repair
Valve replacement
complication
Most common
Atrial fibrillation
VS Same two narrow
Aortic valve stenosis
Normal anatomy
Aortic valve area
3-4cm2
Grading
Mild
>1.5cm2
Moderate
1.0-1.5
Heavy
<1.0
FAW Volkswagen
VS Same two narrow classification
Causes
Elderly
Degeneration, aging, calcification
Congenital acuteness
Rheumatism fever
pathology
2/3 on the right chest
Systolic period
Miscellaneous
Main stenosis → Aortic blood flow decreases
Insufficient blood supply in the coronary artery → Angina pectoris
Insufficient blood supply to the brain artery → dizziness
Left ventricular congestion → left atrial congestion → pulmonary venous congestion → pulmonary congestion → dyspnea
Mainly narrow-minded and affect the heart, brain and lungs
Performance
Heart
Angina pectoris
The earliest symptoms of sterility
brain
Disiased
As the "only" symptom of the first launch
lung
Difficulty in breathing
Symptoms of the last occurrence of stenosis
The main narrow three-unit sign
Signs
main
The second intercostal between the right edge of the sternum/the third intercostal between the left edge
The aortic valve corresponds to this location
Systolic period
The main narrowness occurs during the systolic period
Jet sample
Miscellaneous
Incremental-decreasing
Second
Systolic blood pressure↓-diastolic blood pressure=pulse pressure↓
Because the blood ejaculation is low, the systolic blood pressure is low
examine
X-ray chest film
Heart Shadow
Boot heart
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Lung shadow
Pulmonary edema
UCG
The most valuable/most meaningful
ECG
Left ventricular hypertrophy
VS 2 Symptoms left ventricle normal
Left bundle branch block
treat
drug
Symptom-based treatment
Use with caution
ACEI
There is little blood that ejaculates to the aorta, so don't dilate the blood vessels anymore
β-blockers
Slow heart rate and less blood ejaculation
Operation
Aortic valve replacement
Indications
Severe valve stenosis
Valve area <1.0
Cross-flap pressure >40mmHg
Pressure on both sides of the aortic valve
complication
Most common
Atrial fibrillation
That's right, it's me
Endaricitis, heart failure, embolism
Aortic valve insufficiency
Causes
Acute incomplete
Acute endocarditis
Others: Postoperative...
Chronic incompleteness
Marfan syndrome
syphilis···
Problems with the active valve itself
pathology
Acute incomplete
Main insufficiency → Aortic blood reflux to the left ventricle → Left ventricular congestion → Left atrial congestion → Lung congestion → Pulmonary edema
Chronic incompleteness
Systolic blood pressure↑-Distolic blood pressure↓=Pulse pressure↑
There is blood flowing from the left atrium in the left ventricle and blood flowing back from the aorta, so the systolic blood pressure is increased
Blood in the aorta refluxes to the left ventricle, so diastolic blood pressure drops
Pulse pressure difference↑
Peripheral vascular signs
Touch your upper limb
Radial artery
Water Chong Mai
Under-arachite capillaries
Capillary pulsation signs
Listen to the lower limbs
Femoral artery
Shooting sound
Traube sound
Systolic & Diastolic murmurs
Durozieze sound
Nodding
Musset
TMD Water and hair in the ground
Main insufficiency → blood reflux to the left ventricle → blood in the left ventricle → relative mitral stenosis
Apical heart Diastolic phase Rumble murmur
Austin-Flint murmur
Performance
General performance
Asymptomatic
Acute incomplete
Acute pulmonary edema
Chronic incompleteness
General breathing difficulties
Signs
The main sign
Left 3/right 2
The aortic valve reaction is here
Diastolic period
Master insufficiency occurs during diastolic period
Sighing
Miscellaneous
Decreasing type
Secondary signs
Main incomplete → relative two narrow
A-F murmur
Peripheral vascular signs
TMD Water and hair in the ground
examine
X-ray chest film
Lung shadow
Pulmonary edema
Heart Shadow
Boot heart
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Master A, give me a pair of boots
ECG
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Left bundle branch block
UCG
The most valuable/most meaningful
treat
Acute incomplete
Operation
Chronic incompleteness
Aortic valve replacement
complication
Infectious endocarditis (mainly invading the aortic valve)
VS Rheumatism fever mainly invades mitral valve
Heart failure
Arrhythmia