MindMap Gallery Milestone events in the development of computing tools
This is a milestone event mind map about the development of computing tools, which summarizes the composition of a typical computing device and the process of completing the calculation, and illustrates the signs of progress and shortcomings.
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The milestone events in the development of computing tools, summarize the composition of a typical computing device and the process of completing the calculation, and explain the signs of progress and defects.
Ancient computing tools
abacus
China Abacus
Use beads and frame structure
Easy to add, subtract, multiplication and division operations
European abacus
Usually beads and threads are used
Functions are similar to those of abacus
Abacas
Ancient Counting Tools
Use pebbles or beads
Calculation by moving beads
Mechanical computing tools
Pascal Computer
Blaise Pascal invented
Use gears to add or subtract operations
For the predecessor of modern computers
Leibniz wheel
Designed by Gottfried Leibniz
Improve Pascal Computer
Multiplication and division can be performed
Electronic computing tools
ENIAC
The first electronic digital points computer
Developed by the University of Pennsylvania
Use vacuum tubes for military calculations
UNIVAC I
The first commercial electronic computer
Manufactured by Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company
Marking the beginning of computer commercialization
Microelectronic computing tools
The invention of microprocessor
Launched by Intel Corporation
Breakthrough in integrated circuit technology
Promoting the development of personal computers
Popularization of personal computers
Powered by companies such as IBM
Getting computers into homes and offices
Promote the development of the software industry
The composition of a typical computing device and the process of completing the calculation
Hardware composition
Input device
Keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.
Used to enter data and instructions
processor
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Perform calculations and logical operations
Memory
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Stores the data and programs in use
Nonvolatile memory (hard disk, SSD)
Permanent storage of data and programs
Output device
Monitors, printers, etc.
Output calculation results and information
Software composition
operating system
Manage hardware resources
Provide user interface
app
Perform specific tasks
Such as word processing, image editing, etc.
Drivers
Make hardware devices compatible with operating systems
Manage the operation of hardware devices
Calculation process
Data input
Users enter data and instructions through input device
Data processing
The processor receives instructions and performs calculations
Results output
The processed data is displayed through the output device
Signs of progress
Performance improvement
Speed up processing
Increased storage capacity
Functional enhancement
Diversified applications
Advanced computing capabilities
User-friendly
Interface simplification
Easy to operate
Mobility enhancement
Popularity of laptops and smartphones
The development of portable computing devices
defect
Security Question
Cyber Attacks and Data Breaks
Security measures need to be updated continuously
Software Compatibility
Compatibility issues between different systems and devices
Standardization and compatibility testing are required
Energy consumption
High-performance computing equipment consumes a lot of power
Need green energy and energy-saving technology
Electronic waste
Equipment is updated quickly and generates a lot of electronic waste
An effective recycling and processing mechanism is required