Life: Daniel Defoe was born in 1660 in a businessman's family engaged in slaughtering in London. He received a secondary education and later failed to go to university for further studies due to family reasons. In his youth, Defoe tried many professions, including doing business, being a journalist, and committing to political activities. During political activities, he was arrested and imprisoned many times for making remarks criticizing the government, and even put on shackles to public display. These rich experiences gave him a deep understanding of all classes in society and accumulated a lot of material for his future literary creation. It was not until the age of 59 that Defoe wrote his first novel, Robinson Crusoe, and became famous in one fell swoop. Since then, he has been writing continuously and created a series of novels, becoming the pioneer of British realist novels. In 1731, Defoe died in London, ending his legendary life.

Creative style and achievements: Defoe's creative style is centered on realism, pays attention to detailed description, and strives to restore the true face of life. He is good at exploring stories from the lives of ordinary people, and through the protagonist's experience, he shows the complexity of human nature and the struggle and struggle of human beings in dilemma. In addition to "Robinson Crusoe", he also created "Moore Flanders", which tells the ups and downs of a woman's life in a complex social environment; "Col. Jack" uses the growth experience of an outcast child as a clue to reflect social reality. These works had a profound impact on the development of British novels, provided creative examples for later writers, and promoted the development of British realist novels.

Time background: In the early 18th century, Britain was in a period of booming capitalism, and overseas trade and colonial expansion became important ways for national development. British merchant ships travel around the world, trade with different countries and nations, and are also constantly building and expanding their own colonies. In this process, nautical adventure has become an important way for people to obtain wealth and honor, and has inspired people's desire to explore and adventurous spirit of unknown world. The society at that time was full of interest in adventure stories, and people were eager to experience the thrills and challenges of adventure through literary works.

Personal experience and creative motivation: Defoe's own rich life experience gave him a deep understanding of the darkness of society and the good and evil of human nature. He witnessed the adventures and struggles of merchants in overseas trade, and also learned about the various difficulties faced by ordinary people in their lives. He hopes that through the creation of "Robinson Crusoe", he can demonstrate human survival ability and spiritual power in extreme environments, and at the same time reflect the values ​​of society at that time and people's pursuit of self-realization. In addition, Defoe also wants to convey a positive attitude towards life through Robinson's story, and encourage people to move forward bravely and never give up when facing difficulties.

"Robinson Crusoe" is the first realistic novel in the history of British literature and has pioneering significance. It breaks the limitations of traditional literature based on myths, history and legends as its main themes, and creates them based on the real life of ordinary people. This novel not only caused a huge sensation at that time and became a bestseller, but also had a profound impact on the literary creation of later generations. It set a precedent for desert island literature, provided an example for later adventure novels, was translated into multiple languages, widely disseminated around the world, and became a classic work in the treasure house of world literature.

On the journey against his father's wishes: Robinson was born in a middle-class family, and his father hoped that he could work in law and live a stable life. However, Robinson has been full of yearning for the sea since he was a child and is eager to explore the unknown world. At the age of 19, despite his father's repeated dissuasion, he secretly boarded a merchant ship to London without telling his family. On board, he was both excited and nervous, looking forward to the adventure that was coming.

Encountering a storm and feeling: During the voyage, the ship encountered a strong storm. The strong winds and waves kept hitting the ship, and the hull swayed violently, and there was a danger of sinking at any time. The crew panicked and tried their best to rescue the ship, but the situation was still very critical. In this storm, Robinson deeply felt the ruthlessness of the sea and the fragility of life. He began to regret his decision and pray for God's blessing. However, when the storm gradually subsided and the ship finally arrived in London safely, Robinson's inner desire for adventure was ignited again. He firmly believed that this was God's test for him and strengthened his determination to continue sailing.

Captured by Pirates: Robinson's second voyage was not smooth, and the ship he was riding on was hijacked by pirates at sea. After the pirates boarded the ship, they brutally killed some of the crew members, while the rest became slaves. Robinson was taken to a pirate stronghold in Africa and was forced to work for the pirates. There, he suffered inhuman treatment, had to engage in heavy physical labor every day, and endured the beatings and insults of the pirates. But Robinson did not surrender, he was always looking for a chance to escape.

Design Escape: During the two years of being a slave, Robinson gradually won some of the trust of the pirate captain. He took advantage of this opportunity to carefully plan the escape plan. One day, the pirate captain sent Robinson and a little slave Zolli to fish. Robinson took the opportunity to take Zoli to steal a small boat and escape from the pirates' control. They drifted on the sea for a few days, relying on the little food and fresh water to survive. Fortunately, they were eventually rescued by a Portuguese merchant ship. On the merchant ship, Robinson and Zoli were treated friendly by the crew, who provided Robinson and Zoli with food and clothing and brought them to Brazil.

Operating a plantation: After arriving in Brazil, Robinson used his savings to buy a piece of land and began operating the plantation. He hired local workers to grow cash crops such as sugarcane and tobacco. With his diligence and wisdom, and careful management of the plantation, Robinson gradually accumulated wealth. His plantations have been expanding in size and life has become relatively stable. During his days in Brazil, Robinson not only learned how to run a plantation, but also learned to get along with local residents and learn about different cultures and lifestyles.

Decided to sail again: Despite the rich and comfortable life in Brazil, Robinson's inner desire for adventure has never disappeared. When he heard that he could make greater profits when he had the opportunity to sell black slaves in Africa, he decided to embark on a sailing journey again despite his friends' dissuasion. He believes this is a rare opportunity that allows him to gain more wealth and realize his dream. So Robinson sold some of the plantations, bought a ship, recruited crew members, and prepared to go to Africa.

Ship wrecked and wandered on deserted islands: Robinson's ship encountered a rare storm during a voyage to Africa. The strong wind blew the ship away from the route and eventually sank the reef. All the crew and passengers on the ship were killed, only Robinson was lucky enough to grab a wooden board, drifted in the waves for a long time, and finally washed up on a deserted island. When he woke up and found himself in a strange environment surrounded by dense forests and deserted beaches, he realized that he had to survive on his own strength.

The early stage of hardships: When Robinson first arrived at the deserted island, he faced many difficulties. He has no food, shelter, no tools, and is always threatened by wild beasts and diseases. He first salvaged some daily necessities and tools from the wreck, such as guns, gunpowder, axes, nails, etc. He then used these tools to build a simple residence by the sea, and made a tent with canvas and branches to resist the attacks of wind and rain and wild beasts. In order to find food, he began hunting and shot some wild goats and birds with guns. He also found some wild fruits and edible plants on the island, gradually solving the food problem.

Gradually improving life: Over time, Robinson gradually adapted to life on a deserted island. He uses the resources on the island to continuously improve his living conditions. He built a stronger house out of wood and stone, and also fenced around the house to prevent the invasion of wild beasts. He began to grow crops such as wheat and barley, and learned to make bread. He also raised some domestic animals such as sheep, chickens, and provided himself with a stable source of food. In addition, Robinson also used the materials on the island to make daily necessities such as tables, chairs, beds, pottery, etc., making his life more comfortable.

Discovering footprints and "Friday": After living on a deserted island for many years, Robinson one day found some mysterious footprints on the beach. These footprints made him feel very scared and he realized that there might be other people on the island. So he began to strengthen his defense measures and always be alert to the movements around him. Later, by chance, Robinson saved an indigenous man who was about to be eaten by a savage. He named the native "Friday" because it was Friday. "Friday" was full of gratitude and respect for Robinson, and since then he became his loyal companion and servant. Robinson taught English on Friday and taught him the lifestyle and knowledge of civilized people. "Friday" also helped Robinson do a lot of work. They lived together on a deserted island and faced various difficulties together.

Help the captain regain the ship: One day, a British merchant ship was moored near a deserted island. It turned out that a rebellion occurred on the ship, and the sailors hijacked the captain and prepared to drive the ship to other places. After learning the news, Robinson and "Friday" decided to help the captain regain the ship. They made detailed plans to launch a surprise attack while the rebels came ashore. With his wisdom and courage, and the help of "Friday", Robinson successfully defeated the rebels and regained the ship.

Return to the UK: In order to thank Robinson for his help, the captain promised to take him and return to the UK on Friday. After a long voyage, they finally returned to Britain, which had been away for many years. At this time, Robinson's parents had passed away, but his plantation was well run with the help of his friends. Robinson became a wealthy man, and he used his wealth to improve his life and helped some people who had helped him. "Friday" also followed Robinson to live in the UK and gradually adapted to the lifestyle of a civilized society.

Character traits: Robinson has a strong spirit of adventure, which can be seen from his resolutely embarking on a sailing journey despite his father's opposition. He is curious about the unknown world and is eager to explore new areas and pursue excitement and challenges. During his survival on the deserted island, he showed his perseverance. Faced with many difficulties such as harsh natural environment, food shortages, and disease invasion, he never gave up. Instead, he overcame difficulties again and again with his tenacious perseverance and unyielding spirit. For example, he experienced many failures in the process of growing food, but he continued to summarize his experience and eventually successfully planted wheat and barley. He is smart and witty, good at thinking and solving problems. On the deserted island, he used his knowledge and wisdom to make various tools and daily necessities, such as making pottery from clay and making clothes from animal skins. He also observed natural phenomena, mastered the laws of seasonal changes, and arranged his production and life reasonably. At the same time, he is compassionate and a sense of justice. When he saw that "Friday" was about to be eaten by the savages, he did not hesitate to rescue him and established a deep friendship with "Friday". He not only taught "Friday" survival skills, but also taught him civilized knowledge, embodying his humanitarian spirit.

Character Destiny: Robinson's life is full of legends. He went from being a young impulsive and fantasy boy who embarked on a sailing journey against his father's wishes. After experiencing many dangers and setbacks, he became a slave and successfully escaped. He lived a relatively stable life while running a plantation in Brazil, but his inner desire for adventure drove him to go out to sea again and eventually wandered to the deserted island. On a deserted island, he lived alone for 28 years, experienced countless hardships and difficulties, and gradually grew into a mature, brave and responsible person. Finally, he helped the captain regain the ship, returned to England, and became a wealthy man. His experience not only changed his destiny, but also gave him a deeper understanding of life.

Character Function: Robinson is the core character of the novel, and his adventures form the main line of the entire story. Through his perspective, readers can feel the powerful power of human beings in the face of nature and dilemma, as well as their relentless pursuit of survival and freedom. His growth process inspires readers to face difficulties bravely in life, constantly challenge themselves, and never give up. His story also reflects the values ​​of society at that time and people's pursuit of adventure and wealth, and has certain historical and social significance.

Character traits: "Friday" Loyalty and kind. Since being rescued by Robinson, he has been loyal to Robinson and always follows him and never leaves him. In the face of danger, he was brave and fearless, fighting side by side with Robinson without hesitation to protect his safety. For example, in helping the captain regain the ship, Friday was very brave and actively involved in the battle. He also has strong learning ability. While getting along with Robinson, he quickly learned English and was able to communicate with Robinson in a simple way. He also learned about the lifestyle of civilized people, such as planting, breeding, making tools, etc., and gradually transformed from a primitive indigenous person to a person who adapted to a civilized society.

Character’s fate: “Friday” was originally an indigenous man who was about to be eaten by savages, living in a primitive tribe and facing the danger of being killed by his kind. After being saved by Robinson, his fate changed drastically. He followed Robinson to live on a deserted island, learned new knowledge and skills, and gradually adapted to a new way of life. Later, he followed Robinson back to England and started a new life. In the UK, he worked hard to adapt to the rules and culture of a civilized society. Although he faced some difficulties, he always maintained an optimistic and positive attitude.

Character role: The emergence of "Friday" enriches the content of the novel. His master-servant relationship and deep friendship with Robinson show the understanding and tolerance between people under different cultural backgrounds. His existence reflects Robinson's kindness and humanitarian spirit from the side, and also adds a lot of warmth and fun to the story. His growth and transformation process also allows readers to see the influence and transformation of civilization on barbarism, as well as the integration and development of human beings in different cultural exchanges.

Linear Narrative: The novel uses a linear narrative method, telling Robinson's sailing experience, life in a desert island, and the process of finally returning to the UK in chronological order. This narrative method makes the story clear and the plot coherent, and readers can clearly follow Robinson's adventures and feel his growth and changes at different stages. From the excitement and tension of his first voyage, to the pain and struggle of becoming a slave, to the difficulties and tenacity of surviving on a deserted island, and the feelings and satisfaction of returning to Britain, readers can witness Robinson's life trajectory step by step, enhancing the readability and attraction of the story.

Diary interspersed: In the novel, Robinson recorded his life on a deserted island by writing a diary. These diaries not only record his daily activities, such as hunting, planting, making tools, etc., but also record his inner feelings and thoughts. For example, in his diary, he expressed his fear of loneliness, his faith in God, his longing for his hometown, etc. This diary interspersion increases the realism and credibility of the story, allowing readers to feel Robinson's loneliness, fear, hope and joy on the deserted island, and enhances the infectiousness of the story. Readers can gain an in-depth understanding of Robinson's inner world and better understand his behavior and decision-making through Robinson's diary.

Descendant Island Environment Description: Defoe described the natural environment of the desert island in detail, such as the terrain, climate, animals and plants on the island. He described the terrain and landforms of the deserted islands, such as mountains, rivers, forests, beaches, etc., which gave readers a clear understanding of the geographical environment of the deserted islands. He also described the climate characteristics of desert islands, such as the alternation of rainy and dry seasons, and the impact of different seasons on Robinson's life. When describing animals and plants, he described in detail various wild fruits, wild vegetables, trees, as well as wild goats, birds, sea turtles and other animals on the island. These descriptions not only provide a real background for the development of the story, but also allow readers to feel the mystery and beauty of the deserted island in an immersive way, as well as the difficulty of Robinson's survival on the deserted island. For example, the description of the dense forests on the deserted island makes readers feel the power and unknown nature, and also adds difficulty to Robinson's hunting and finding food.

Detailed description of survival: The novel describes Robinson's survival process on a deserted island in detail, including how he built a shelter, found food, and made tools. When building the residence, Robinson first chose a suitable location and then built a simple tent with wood and canvas salvaged from the wreck. Later, he built a stronger house out of wood and stone and surrounded the house with fences. In search of food, he tried various methods, such as hunting, fishing, picking wild fruits, growing food, etc. He also described in detail the process of making his own tools, such as making axes with stones, making bows and arrows with branches, etc. These detailed descriptions show Robinson's wisdom and hard work, and also allow readers to understand some practical survival skills, increasing the interest and practicality of the novel. For example, the process of describing Robinson's making pottery is described in detail, from selecting clay, making pottery blanks to firing pottery, making every step, making readers feel as if they have witnessed Robinson's making process with their own eyes.

Simple and natural: Defoe's language style is simple and natural, concise and clear, without too much gorgeous rhetoric and embellishment. He tells stories in easy-to-understand language, allowing readers to easily understand and accept. For example, when describing Robinson's daily life, he recorded Robinson's actions and ideas in simple and straightforward language, allowing readers to feel Robinson's true emotions and life state. This simple and natural language style makes the novel closer to life and enhances the readability of the work.

Spoken expression: A large number of colloquial expressions are used in the novel to make the characters' dialogue more vivid and vivid and close to life. The conversation between Robinson and "Friday" is full of life, making people feel like they are communicating like real people. For example, when Robinson teaches English on Friday, their conversations are simple and easy to understand and full of fun. This colloquial language style allows readers to better feel the character characteristics and emotional changes of the characters, enhancing the realism of the story.

Overcoming natural dilemma: Robinson faces harsh natural environment and various survival challenges on the deserted island, such as food shortages, disease invasion, and threats of wild animals. Through continuous efforts and attempts, he overcomes these difficulties and demonstrates the tenacious vitality and indomitable spirit of human beings when facing nature. In terms of food acquisition, at first he could only rely on picking wild fruits and hunting small animals for a living, but as time went by, he learned to sow wheat and barley, make simple farm tools, and gradually establish a stable source of food. Faced with the disease, he relied on his limited medical knowledge to use the island's herbs to treat the disease and strive to recover his health. In order to prevent wild beasts, he not only built a solid residence, but also made weapons, stayed vigilant at all times, and successfully resisted many wild beast attacks.

Self-growth and transcendence: In the process of surviving on a deserted island, Robinson not only learned various survival skills, but also grew and transcended spiritually. He gradually grew from a teenager who relied on others to an independent, confident and responsible person, achieving the improvement of his self-worth. When he first arrived at the deserted island, Robinson was filled with fear and confusion, and felt desperate about the future. But as his survival problems were constantly solved, his self-confidence gradually increased and he learned to think independently and make decisions. He began to reflect on his past, gained a deeper understanding of life and life, no longer just pursued material enjoyment, but paid more attention to the enrichment of the spiritual world. His relationship with "Friday" also taught him to care for others and assume the responsibility of teaching and protecting "Friday".

Challenges and Transformation of Opportunities: The dilemma on a deserted island is both a challenge and a chance for Robinson. For example, although the shipwreck incident left him on a deserted island, it also provided him with a large amount of available materials, such as tools, weapons, clothing, etc., which became an important guarantee for his early survival. During the exploration of the deserted island, he discovered that the island's rich natural resources, such as fertile land and suitable climate, created conditions for him to carry out agricultural planting and livestock breeding, allowing him to transition from simple collection and hunting to a stable farming life, realizing a transformation of his lifestyle.

The shaping of loneliness on the soul: The long-term lonely life deeply shaped Robinson's heart. He learned to talk to himself in loneliness and constantly examined his behavior and thoughts. This experience of being alone makes him more independent and calm, and can think deeply about the meaning and value of life. At the same time, loneliness also inspired his creativity and imagination, prompting him to create a rich material and spiritual life under limited resources.

Cultural conflict and integration: The interaction between Robinson and Friday reflects the conflict and integration between different cultures. Robinson taught his language, religion, and lifestyle to "Friday", and "Friday" also showed Robinson the unique customs and survival skills in indigenous culture. For example, Friday taught Robinson how to find edible plants and track prey in the jungle, while Robinson taught "Friday" to use tools and grow crops. This kind of cultural exchange promotes each other's growth and development to a certain extent, and also reflects the process of mutual learning and mutual influence between different cultures.

Changes in the concept of wealth: Robinson's concept of wealth has undergone a significant change in his experience. At first, he pursued wealth and regarded it as a symbol of success and status, so he ran a plantation in Brazil and decided to sail again to sell slaves for greater profits. But on the deserted island, he gradually realized that real wealth was not money and material, but survival skills, knowledge and friendship with "Friday." After returning to the UK, he became more rational in his attitude towards wealth. He no longer blindly pursued wealth, but used wealth to help others, achieving the sublimation of the concept of wealth.

The diversity of value: Robinson's experience on a deserted island reflects the diversity of value. Through his own efforts, he not only realized the value of survival, but also demonstrated the wisdom and strength of mankind in the struggle with nature and realized his self-worth. His help and teaching on Friday reflects his moral value. At the same time, his story also provides valuable experience and inspiration for future generations, with historical and cultural value.

Establishment and Persistence of Faith: During the difficult years of the deserted island, Robinson gradually established his faith in God. Faced with unknown dangers and difficulties, he often prayed to God for comfort and guidance. He believed that it was God's power that allowed him to survive the shipwreck, so he always adhered to his faith and gained spiritual support by reading the Bible. This belief became an important driving force for him to persevere on the deserted island, and also allowed him to find a spiritual sustenance in loneliness.

The process of self-salvation: Robinson’s experience in the desert island is also the process of his self-salvation. He reflected on his recklessness when he was young and his unfilial piety to his family, and gradually made up for his mistakes through hard survival and self-growth on a deserted island. He transformed from a young man who pursued adventure and wealth to a person who knew how to be grateful and responsible, and realized his self-salvation.