MindMap Gallery Transmembrane material transport
This is a mind map about the transport of transmembrane substances. Transmembrane substances refer to the process of substances entering or being excreted from the cell through the cell membrane to the cell. They are mainly divided into two methods: passive transport and active transport.
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This template shows the structure and function of the reproductive system in the form of a mind map. It introduces the various components of the internal and external genitals, and sorts out the knowledge clearly to help you become familiar with the key points of knowledge.
This is a mind map about the interpretation and summary of the relationship field e-book, Main content: Overview of the essence interpretation and overview of the relationship field e-book. "Relationship field" refers to the complex interpersonal network in which an individual influences others through specific behaviors and attitudes.
This is a mind map about accounting books and accounting records. The main contents include: the focus of this chapter, reflecting the business results process of the enterprise, the loan and credit accounting method, and the original book of the person.
Transmembrane material transport
Passive fortune
concept
Transportation process of substances according to potential or chemical gradient
Features
Low concentration to high concentration
No energy consumption
Classification
Simple diffusion
definition
Under the action of different concentrations, fat-soluble substances diffuse from high concentration to low concentration side
Features
Fat-soluble substances
Low concentration to high concentration
No energy consumption
example
Gas such as O₂, N₂, CO₂, NH₃
water
Slow diffusion speed
Glycerol Ethanol Urea
Easy diffusion
definition
Low-fat-soluble or fat-free substances diffuse from high concentration to low concentration with the assistance of protein
Features
Need assisted protein
Poor fat solubility
High concentration to low concentration
No energy consumption
Classification
Channel-mediated facilitation diffusion
example
Various charged ions: Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, CI⁻
water
characteristic
Ion selectivity
Vector-mediated facilitation diffusion
Example (water soluble molecule)
Glucose (G)
Amino acid G(AA)
Common Features
Structural specificity
Saturation
Competitive suppression
Actively transfer
definition
The process of transporting certain molecules or ions through their own energy consumption process.
Features
Energy consumption
Inverse concentration gradient
Need protein assistance
Classification
Primary active transport
Difference in concentration
In normal times, the K⁺ concentration in the membrane is about 30 times that outside the membrane, and the Na⁺ concentration outside the membrane is about 12 times that inside the membrane.
Sodium pump
Na -K pump is called sodium pump: a special protein is embedded in the lipid bilayer of the membrane, which itself has the activity of ATPase. It can decompose ATP to release energy, prompting Na and K to actively transport
significance
Control cell volume to prevent edema
Powering secondary active transport
Provide conditions for cell bioelectric activity (forming a concentration gradient)
Intracellular high K⁺ is necessary for many metabolic reactions (such as protein synthesis)
Sodium ~ potassium pump operation process
When [Na⁺]↑/[K⁺]↑ is activated
Decompose ATP to generate energy
2K⁺Pump to intracellular 3Na⁺Pump to out-cell
Maintain the outer Na⁺ high and the inner K⁺ high, and the original uneven distribution state
Secondary active transport
definition
Active transport process of indirect use of ATP energy
example
Small intestine, tubular epithelial cells to glucose
Absorption of amino acids
Celluria and exophoria
Transport macromolecules or clumps in the cell membrane
Pinna
definition
It refers to the process of large molecular substances or clumps outside the cell entering the cell.
Features
Energy consumption
Inverse concentration gradient
Reduced cell membrane area
Classification
①Swallowing: solid matter enters the cell
②Swallowing: Liquid substance enters the cell
Cell squirt
Features
Energy consumption
Inverse concentration gradient
Increased cell membrane area
definition
The process of excretion of substances from cells