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Urinary system

The mind map of the Urinary system provides a comprehensive overview of the various components of the urinary system, starting with the Kidney, the main organ of the urinary system responsible for filtering blood and producing urine; followed by the External structure of the kidney, including the renal cortex and medulla; the Internal structure details the glomerulus, renal tubules, and other components; the Ureter connects the kidney to the bladder and transports urine; the Bladder is the storage organ for urine; and finally, the Urethra, which carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

Edited at 2025-03-20 10:00:40

אור אלגזר

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Urinary system
The mind map of the Urinary system provides a comprehensive overview of the various components of the urinary system, starting with the Kidney, the main organ of the urinary system responsible for filtering blood and producing urine; followed by the External structure of the kidney, including the renal cortex and medulla; the Internal structure details the glomerulus, renal tubules, and other components; the Ureter connects the kidney to the bladder and transports urine; the Bladder is the storage organ for urine; and finally, the Urethra, which carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

Urinary system

אור אלגזר

Recent works View more works>>

Urinary system
The mind map of the Urinary system provides a comprehensive overview of the various components of the urinary system, starting with the Kidney, the main organ of the urinary system responsible for filtering blood and producing urine; followed by the External structure of the kidney, including the renal cortex and medulla; the Internal structure details the glomerulus, renal tubules, and other components; the Ureter connects the kidney to the bladder and transports urine; the Bladder is the storage organ for urine; and finally, the Urethra, which carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

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Urinary system

Kidney

Shape

The kidneys are paired bean shaped organs

Location

Posterior on either side of the vertebral column at the T12-L3 vertebral levels, the right kidney slightly lower due to the liver

External structure

Renal capsule

A fibrous layer

Perineal fat

Surrounds the kidney for cushioning

Renal fascia

Anchored the kidney in place

Internal structure

Cortex

Outer layer, where filtration occurs

Medulla

Inner layer containing renal pyramids and collecting ducts

Renal pelvis

Funnel shaped structure that collects urine and drains into the ureter

Functions

Filtration and waster removal

Electrolytes and fluid balance

Acid base regulation

Hormone production

Arterial supply

Renal arteries which are branches from abdominal aorta

Venous drainage

Drained by renal veins into the inferior vena cava

Innervation

Sympathetic

Renal plexus

Parasympathetic

Vagus nerve

Nephron

Renal tubule

Adrenal gland

Ureter

Length

Each ureter is about 25-30 cm long

Location

Retroperitoneal, extending from the renal pelvis at the kidney to thr urinary bladder

Parts

Abdominal ureter

Fro, thr renal pelvis to the pelvic brim

Pelvic ureter

From thr pelvic brim to the bladder

Imarural ureter

The portion passing through the bladder wall

Constricted areas

Common site for kidney stone

Ureteropelvic junction

Where the renal pelvis meets the ureter

Pelvic brim

Where the ureter cross over the iliac vessels

Uretrovesical junction

Where the renal pelvis meets the ureter where the ureter enters the bladder

Functions

Urine transport

Arterial supply

Renal artery (upper part) , gonadal artery and branched of abdominal aorta (middle part) and internal iliac artery (lower part)

Venous drainage

Drains into veins corresponding to the arterial supply

Innervation

Sympathetic

Renal plexus, aortic plexus and hypogastric plexus

Parasympathetic

From thr pelvis splanchnic nerves

Layers

Mucosa

Muscularis

Adventitia

Bladder

Location

Lies in the pelvic cavity, posterior to the pubic symphysis

In males located anterior to the rectum and above the prostate gland

In females positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus

Structure

Apex

Points toward the pubic symphysis

Base (fundus)

Faces posteriorly. in contact with the rectum or vagina

Body

The central part

Neck

Inferior portion that leads to the urethra

Trigone

A triangular area at the base of the bladder between the opening of the uterus and urethra

Layers

Mucosa

Lines with transitional epithelium, allowing stretching

Detrusor muscle

Smooth muscle layer for contraction

Adventitia/serosa

Outer connective tissue layer

Functions

Urine storage

Urine expulsion

Arterial supply

Superior vesical (originate from the internal iliac artery) and inferior vesical artery in makes and vsginal artery in females

Venous drainage

Drains into the internal iliac vein

Innervation

Sympathetic

Hypogastric plexus

Parasympathetic

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

Somatic

Pudental nerve

Urethra

Length

In males its approximately 18-20 cm long

In females its approximately 4 cm long

Location

In males extends from the bladder through the prostate, pelvic floor and penis

In females extends from the bladder neck to the external urethral orifice, located anterior to the vaginal opening

Division

In males

Prostatic urethra

Passes through the prostate gland, receives ejaculatory ducts

Membranous urethra

Passes though the urogenital diaphragm surrounded by the external urethral sphincter

Spongy (penile) urethra

Runs through the corpus spongiosum of the penis, ends at the external urethral sphincter

In female

Short and straight , terminating at the external urethral orifice

Arterial supply

In male

Branches of the Inferior vesical and internal pudental arteries

In female

Branches of the internal pudental and vaginal arteries

Venous drainage

In male

Drains into the prostatic venous plexus

In female

Drains into the pudental veins

Innervation

Sympathetic

Hypogastric plexus

Parasympathetic

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

Somatic

Pudental nerve

Functions

Urine excretion

Transport semen during ejaculation in male