Mind Map Gallery Reconstructive Memory Bartlett, 1932
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Reconstructive Memory Bartlett, 1932
Problems
Bartlett's experiments to test his theorylacked controls and standardisedprocedures.
His findings were qualitative as thenature of the information wasdescriptive.
Over stated how flawed our memory is
Experiments were designed totrip up participants memories
Some distortions may have resulted fromconscious guessing rather than gaps in thememory.
Application
Understanding that memorycan be inaccurate and flawed
Highlighted issues with thereliability of eyewitnesstestimony
Information
Use existing knowledge(schemas) to understand newinformation
We reconstruct eventsaccording to our previousschemas
The War of the Ghosts storywas used to test Bartlett'stheory
Research
Allport & Postman
People reconstructed a story about a whiteman threatening a black man to the other wayaround
Fitted stereotypical schema ofblack people in 1940's
Bower et al
When people read about characters in arestaurant, they later recalled information thathad not been in the passage.
They were reconstructing thepassage based on previousschemas
Theories
Additional store added tomodel by Tulving, 1985
Procedural memory for skills welearn (riding a bike)
Issues
Reductionist
Tulving proposes an additional store later
Ethics
Lack of confidentiality in case studies
HM/Clive Wearing
May not be generalisable
Use of case studies of impaired brains
Ethnocentric
Majority of research occurred in the West