Mind Map Gallery Acids Bases
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Acids Bases
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Edited at 2020-10-08 07:40:38
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Acids Bases
Bases
Examples of bases
Sodium Oxide
Potassium Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
Sodium Hydroxide
Potassium Hydroxide
Magnesium Hydroxide
Definition
A base is defined as a substance thatcontains hydroxide ions (OHˉ) whendissolved in water.
A base can also be defined as asubstance which accepts oxide orhydroxide ions.
Solubility
Bases have different solubility
Most are insoluble inwater
Copper (II)Oxide
Lead (II)oxide
Bases which aresoluble are calledalkalis.
Sodium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
Properties
Alkalis have a bitter taste andsoapy feel
Alkalis turn red litmus blue.
Alkalis only show theiralkaline properties whendissolved in water
This is because it is thehydroxide ions that give alkalisits properties
Alkalis, like acids, are alsogood electrical conductors
Reactions
Neutralisation
Acid + Alkali => Salt + Water
E.g. Sodium Hydroxide +Sulfuric Acid =>Sodium Sulfate+ Water
Alkali + Ammonium salt =>Ammonia + Water + Salt
Example: Sodium hydroxide +Ammonium Chloride=> SodiumChloride + water + Ammonia
Test for Ammonia gas: If a colourless,pungent gas that turns damp red litmuspaper blue is produced, the gas is ammonia.
Alkali(of metal A) + salt(ofmetal B) => Metal B hydroxide+ salt(of metal A)
Sodium hydroxide + Copper(II)sulfate=> sodium sulfate +Copper(II) hydroxide
If metal B hydroxide is soluble,reaction will not take place
Applications
Ammonia Solution
Window cleaning solutions
Fertilisers
Sodium Hydroxide
Soaps and Detergents
Industrialcleaning detergents
Magnesium hydroxide
Toothpaste
Antacids
Calcium oxide
Neutralizing acidic soil
To make iron, concrete and cement
Acids
Definition
An acid is a substance thatdissociates to form hydrogen ionswhen dissolved in water.
Classification
Organic acids contain carbonand are found in livingthings.
Lacitc Acid
Citric Acid
Ethanoic Acid
Inorganic acids do not contain carbonand are commonly found in sciencelaborities.
Hydrochloric Acid
Sulfuric Acid
Reactions
Acids reacts with certainmetals to form a saltand hydrogen gas
When a reactive metal, e.g. magnesium, isadded to an inorganic acid like hydrochloricacid or sulfuric acid, effervescense will beobserved.
The reactive metal willdissolve and the reactionwill give out heat.
The bubbles of gasproduced containhydrogen gas.
Hydrogen gas can be tested byinserting a lighted splint into a testtube. If the gas is hydrogen, thesplint will extinguish with a 'pop'sound.
Unreactive metals likecopper and silver will notreact with acids
Acids react with allcarbonates to producea salt, water andcarbon dioxide gas.
When a carbonate compound, e.g. calciumcarbonate, is added to an inorganic acid likehydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid,effervescence will be observed.
The bubbles of gasproduced containcarbon dioxide gas.
Carbon dioxide can be tested for bybubbling the gas into calcium hydroxidesolution, also known as limewater. If thegas is carbon dioxide, a white precipitatewill be observed in the calciumhydroxide solution.
Acids react with metaloxides/hydroxides to give a salt andwater
Types of oxides
Acidic Oxides
Are oxides of nonmetals
Most acidic oxides are soluble in waterand will give an acid(e.g. carbondioxide dissolves in water to givecarbonic acid)
Basic Oxides
Are oxides of metals
Most basic oxides are insoluble inwater except for a few(e.g. sodiumoxide, potassium oxide)
Amphoteric Oxides
Are metallic oxides that react with bothacids and bases to form a salt andwater
Examples:Aluminium oxide,Lead(II) oxide, Zinc oxide
Neutral Oxides
Shows neither basic or acidicproperties
Examples: Water, Carbonmonoxide and nitric oxide
Properties
Acids taste sour.
Acids turn blue litmus red.
Acids are good electrolytes i.e.they are good conductors ofelectricity.
This is because the hydrogen ions are able tomove about freely in the acid and thus cancarry the electric charge
Applications
Hydrochloric Acid
RemovesRust
Sulfuric Acid
Used in carbatteries
Nitric Acid
Makingexplosives
Fertilizers