Geoengineering

Geoengineering refers to deliberate, large-scale interventions in the Earth's natural systems, often intended to mitigate the impacts of climate change or counteract some of its effects. It encompasses a wide range of proposed techniques and technologies aimed at directly influencing the Earth's climate. The mind map will delve into the concept of geoengineering, mapping out the various approaches and technologies used to intentionally manipulate the Earth's climate and environment.

Edited at 2022-08-23 13:57:49

ya77

Geoengineering

ya77

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Outline

Global Warming
- 659
- 5
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Sustainable Development
- 688
- 1
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Earth's Water
- 315
Lisa Anderson
Climate Change and Disaster Stakeholders
- 373
- 3
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Makoko Water Solutions
- 706
Lisa Anderson
Environmental Science
- 479
Lisa Anderson
Heat Mind Map
- 355
Fiona_
The Biosphere
- 724
Study Smarter
Food chain Levels Mind Map
- 537
Captain O Captain
Characteristics of Environment
- 229
- 1
Study Smarter

Geoengineering

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR)

Carbon sequestration

Removing CD (carbon dioxide) from atmosphere and capturing as solid, liquid, or compressed gas

Geological sequestration

gas passes through column of liquid solvents, which absorb CO2

CO2 passes through pipe to store underground

Reforestation

Direct air capture and storage

Land use management

Biochar

Physical

aeration

Water-holding capacity

nutrient retention

Biological

houses benefitial microbiology

Chemical

cation exchange- more nutrients in soil

does not degrade, is permanent

High in carbon- prevents CO2 from being released

Removal of other green house gasses

methane

nitrous oxide

CO2

ozone-depleting halocarbons (chemicals with one or more halogens)

Quicker than removing CO2

Carbon dioxide capture

Trapping CO2 at emission source, transport to storage location and then isolating it

blocks CO2 entering atmosphere

mostly used to capture emissions from industrial processes

Pre combustion capture before burning

Post combustion- after burning

Safe, but slow and expensive

Oxyfuel combustion- burning fuel with oxygen

Higher flame temp than air fuel flame

generates flue gas with high concentration of CO2 and water vapour

possible to separates CO2 with low temp dehydration and desulfurization processes

Enhanced weathering

Removes CO2 by spreading many ground rock materials onto extensive land or sea

Minerals can absorb CO2

Hurries this process up

still theorical

Biomass

Organic materials as energy source

Carbon neutral

If managed properly, biomass is replenished with newgrowth as it is harvested

Ocean upwelling

Wind blows across water

Bad upper water replaced with good lower water

natural, no human intervention

Ocean fertilization

Add nutrients to surface water level to stimulate photosynthesis from phyplanktons

Nutrients: iron, phosphate, nitrogen

During photosynthesis CO2 drawn from atmosphere

When phyplankton die, they sink and take CO2 with them

Some sank materials will emerge due to ocean upwelling. Carbon turn into sedimentary rock

Ineffective, medium cost, slow, not very safe (undesirable ecological effects)

Sunlight management

Stratospheric aerosols

Terms

Solar radiation

Radiation from sun

Can be captured and turned into energy

Albedo

Amount of light reflected from surface

Used to measure amount of light reflected of celestial objects

Measured 0-1 scale

Earth- 0.3. Earth reflects 30 percent of light that shines on it

Moon- 0.12. Reflects 12 percent

Dark surface low albedo, light surface high albedo

Ice-albedo feedback

Change in area of ice cap, glacier and sea ice changes albedo and surface temp of planet

positive feedback climate process

More ice melts, more heat stored in melted ice

Radiative forcing

Measures change in energy balance caused by change in forcing agent

Greenhouse gasses absorbs solar radiation and surface albedo, increasing temp

Mt Pinatubo

active stratovolcano in Phillipines

Largest eruption in world 100 years ago

Injected 15 million tons of sulfur dioxide into stratosphere, cooled the Earth for 3 years

Arctic methane release

Release of methane from seas and soils in permafrost (long-frozen) regions of the Arctic

Methane causes global warming

Method

Marine cloud brightening

proposed by John Latham

Changes albedo and longevity of clouds

Sprays sea-water into clouds

Some crystals from seawater forms fogs and makes clouds brighter

Desert reflectors

Proposed theory

Cover deserts with reflective polyethylene-aluminum surface to make them more relfective

Not very useful, expensive, quick, large ecological changes

Cool roof

Roof that reflects sunlight and absorbs less solar energy

Everyone would need to do it in order for it to be effective

Sun shield

Huge mirror in space that reflects sunlight away from Earth

Stratospheric aerosol

Injecting aerosol into stratosphere to reflect sunlight back into space

Aerosols- sulfur dioxide, carbonyl sulfide, sulfuric acid. Their particles can reflect

Cloud seeding- adding substances into clouds to cause precipitation

Glaciogenic

mostly uses silver iodide

Causes snow

Hygroscopic

Enhance rainfall

uses salt nuclei or highly concentrated salt solution

Fog harps

Mesh or wire used collect fog

Could actually work

Bioprecipitation

Inject plant pathogens that causes rain into clouds

Proposed by David Sands in 1982

Cloudbusting

Focus cloudbuster in an area that has high orgone, absorbpoint into sky to create clouds.

Geoengineering version of Tai Chi

Pseudoscience

Hail cannon

Shockwave generator that disrupts formation of hailstones in the atmosphere

Not proven to work