The Book of Songs (realism)® Chu Ci (romanticism)® Han Fu (rhythmic, laid out)® Han Yuefu Poetry® Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (represented by: Seven Sons of Jian'an)® Tang Poetry® Song Lyrics® Yuan Opera® Ming and Qing Poetry® Modern Poetry, new poetry

Yuefu: An institution established since the Qin Dynasty to collect and organize folk poetry. It was expanded during the Han Dynasty and became a genre.

poetry

Ci (poetry, long and short sentences, music, music lyrics)

song

1. Clarify the meaning (the words clarify the ancient and modern meanings, and the upper and lower parts of the poem express the meaning)

Look at the postures (e.g. speaking postures)

Modern poetry (original, inheritance, transfer and combination)

Grasp the changes in part of speech

Restoring word order

Supplementary omission

Representative of landscape poetry (Xie Lingyun)

Representative of pastoral poetry (Tao Yuanming)

Artistic conception: timeless and beautiful, the style is tranquil and elegant, the language is clear and refined

Imagery: setting up a farewell party with wine, breaking willows to send each other off, and reciting poems to say goodbye

emotion

Formal signs: farewell, departure, farewell

Theme: Missing, Encouragement, Confession, Imagination after Parting, Missing Friends

Reasons for homesickness: frequent wars, long-term border garrison, long mountains and wide waters, and officials who never return from their travels

Emotions: Sadness while traveling, missing relatives and friends, nostalgic for hometown, cherishing people in the boudoir (endorsement)

Expression: Feeling sad when touching the scene, feeling emotional when feeling the time (thinking about returning when the sun is shining, feeling sad about the spring and autumn, looking at the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, climbing up to the Double Ninth Festival) to express feelings with objects (moon, wild geese, flutes, willows), expressing feelings due to dreams

It originated in the pre-Qin Dynasty and reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty. Representative figures: Cen Shen, Gao Shi, and Wang Changling

Theme: 1. Hard life in the frontier, war scenes, emotions of soldiers 2. Scenery of the frontier, national customs

Emotions 1. Mainly war homesickness (the pride of making achievements, praising the dedication of soldiers, criticizing the invaders) 2. Anti-war sentiment 3. Praising the great rivers and mountains of the motherland

The prosperous Tang Dynasty - cheerful, bold, unrestrained, and active in making achievements. The middle and late Tang Dynasties - tragic and sad. The Song Dynasty - no way to serve the country, depression.

Make comments and emotions based on historical events and characters, use this to reflect on your life experience, use the past to satirize the present, and reflect on the present with nostalgia.

From ancient times to the present, from people to oneself, comparison between today and today: a comparison of ups and downs and impermanence

Appreciation terms: emotion about the ups and downs of history, relying on the past to pay tribute to the present, nostalgic for the past and regretting the present, expressing unrecognized talents, lamenting that time is fleeting and ambitions are hard to achieve.

Description - characteristics, thoughts - describing objects and aspirations (from objects to people, from reality to virtuality)

Content - evaluation of people or things, highlighting character, technique - supporting things to express aspirations, symbolism (using specific things to symbolize abstract spirits), metaphor, personification, contrast, foil (environment)

Propositional method: What image is portrayed? What characteristics? Analyze whose image

Answering steps: 1. Summarize the characteristics of the image (thoughts, personality, identity of the character) 2. Analyze specifically based on the verses 3. Point out the meaning of the image and the author’s emotions contained 4. Pay attention to the points

Methods of character appreciation: 1. Analyze the characters in connection with the background of the times and life experiences; 2. Describe, analyze the character's behavior, language, psychology, and grasp the character's characteristics (appearance, inner spirit); 3. Use imagery, important words or allusions, and use imagination to perceive. Image 4. Sentences that capture the characters’ thoughts

Common character images: 1. Not envious of powerful people, bold and free-spirited, arrogant and uninhibited 2. Worrying about the world, the country and the people 3. Feeling attached to the mountains and rivers, retreating to the countryside 4. Unexpected talents, unrewarded ambition 5. Determined to serve the country, generous and cynical 6. Farewell to old friends, longing for hometown 7. Dedicating oneself to the fortress and opposing the conquest 8. Love and hate last forever

Imagery: the objects that the author gives emotion to in the poem. Artistic conception: the overall scene, multiple images, and the emotional atmosphere.

Proposition method: What scenery? What emotion?

Answering steps: 1. Describe the pictures and pictures shown in the poem 2. Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery 3. Analyze the emotions (techniques) the author expresses with the help of scenery. Example: What kind of scenery is created by describing what kind of scenery in this poem? Atmosphere, what emotions are expressed (note the detailed analysis combined with specific verses)

Technique

narrate

description

lyrical

talk

Metaphor: Find common ground, turn abstraction into concreteness, dullness into vividness, profoundness into simplicity

Comparison: compare one thing to another thing (not limited to people or things)

Exaggeration: romantic, eye-catching, setting off the atmosphere, stimulating imagination

Dual: Neat and orderly, musically beautiful, with a stronger sense of picture

Metaphorism: local characteristics replace the whole, for example, "Zhumen smells of wine and meat" Zhumen refers to the home of a powerful person

Rhetorical question, hypothetical question: strengthen the tone and play the role of emphasis

Intertext: The words are concise and concise, for example, "The master dismounted and the guest was on the boat." Both the host and the guest dismounted the boat.