MindMap Gallery New energy vehicle electrical technology mind map
New energy vehicle technology mainly studies basic knowledge and skills in new energy vehicle electrical and electronic technology, new energy vehicle chassis technology, drive motor and control technology, and conducts new energy vehicle structure, electronic control technology and charging operation in the field of new energy vehicle technology. and maintenance, etc.
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New energy vehicle electrical technology 1
Circuit diagram overview
composition
power supply
low voltage direct current
battery
dynamo
Electrical equipment (load)
Motors, solenoid valves...sensors
control device
traditional switch
electronic controller
Requires separate working power supply + corresponding sensor
circuit protection device
Fuse (fuse)
circuit breaker
fusible link
wire
type
Wiring diagram
Mark wiring and connector information such as actual location, color code, and line type
Wiring harness diagram
(Installation diagram) Drawn according to the actual position of the wiring harness
Schematic block diagram
Use block diagrams to represent the basic composition and interrelationships of various items in automotive electrical systems, subsystems, devices, and components.
Schematic diagram
The prescribed automotive electrical graphical symbols and text symbols are drawn according to the working characteristics and functional layout to indicate the working principle and function of each equipment.
composition
The main circuit
Control circuit
Protection and distribution circuits
Wire harness assembly
Wiring harness
Ordinary low voltage wire
Copper stranded cord
QVR type (polyvinyl chloride)
QFR type (polyvinyl chloride-nitrile)
starter cable
Copper and aluminum stranded cords
Connect the positive terminal of the battery and the starter power terminal
Specification
25/35/50/70mm²
Allowable current: 500-1000A
Ground cable
use
Battery and frame, frame and body, engine and frame
Specification
300/450/600/760mm²
Shielded wire
(coaxial radio frequency cable) isolates the wire from the external magnetic field
Low voltage weak signal circuit
oxygen sensor signal circuit
crankshaft position sensor circuit
high voltage wire
Transmit high-voltage electricity, all plastic and rubber insulation layer
connector
Convenient wiring, open type, closed type
Automotive wiring harness (assembly)
wire
Wire terminal
Pure copper, brass
Cold riveting (connected to wires)
connector
jacket
Fuse holder
wire
type
low voltage line
Ordinary wires, starting cables, ground cables, shielded wires
high voltage line
Copper core wire, damping wire
low voltage conductor
Specifications (recommended standards)
Cross-section is related to operating current
color
Single color wire (S>4mm²)
Two-color wire (S<4mm²)
Black (B) White (W) Red (R) Green (G) Yellow (Y) Comprehensive (Br) Blue (Bl) Gray (Gr) Orange (O)
power system, red
Starting ignition system, white
fog lights, blue
Light signaling system, green
Anti-aircraft lights, interior lighting system, yellow
Instrument alarm system, horn system, brown
Radio electronic clock and other auxiliary electrical systems, purple
Various auxiliary motors and electrical control systems, gray
Ground wire, black
Example
2.5RY (2.5mm², red main color, yellow auxiliary color)
high voltage wire
Type (according to High Voltage Electrical Equipment Center)
Motor high voltage line
Controller-Motor
Battery high voltage line
Controller-Battery
Charging high voltage line
Charger-battery
Reduce EMI (electromagnetic interference), RFI (radio frequency interference)
Withstand voltage performance
Conventional car, 600V
Commercial vehicles, buses, 1000V
Current resistance
250-400A
Temperature resistance
125/150/200, regular, 150/-40
diameter design
Load circuit rated current value
temperature
Allowable current reduction factor for bundled wire harnesses
Wire allowable current value × reduction in energization rate due to ambient temperature × reduction factor due to bundling > rated current value
Wire heat resistance temperature>Ambient temperature+Rise in temperature when conductor is energized
Connector
composition
Plug (blackened)
Socket (not blackened)
Connection method
Direct plug-in
Attached wire harness type
Insert in the middle
Pictorial expression
Circuit protection devices, etc.
car switch
type
Operation method
hand operated
Foot-operated
Structural principles
mechanical switch
Electromagnetic switch
use
Ignition Switch
Key start, one-button start
fire coil
Start switch
switch
Connect the battery circuit
Knife type, electromagnetic type (rare)
light switch
Combination Switch
Small DC motor switch
Automotive circuit protection devices
fusible link
The cross-sectional area is smaller than the protected conductor
Copper-core low-voltage wires, alloy wires, multi-strand glued wires wrapped with polyethylene sheaths
Protect the main circuit and high current circuit
Length: 50-200mm
Between battery and starter (nearby)
Note: Do not bundle
Circuit breaker protector (air switch)
Protect electric motors (large-capacity electrical equipment)
reusable
fuse
Protect local circuits with small current limit
Marked
Main original parts: fuse (piece)
Material: zinc, tin-lead, copper
category
Fusion type
Fusion tube type
Insulator type
Insert type
central control box
Equivalent to an assembly of the previous ones (centrally arranged on a distribution board)
relay
Essence: automatic switching element
category
Functional relay
Flash relay
Wiper intermittent relay
circuit control relay
Realize circuit switching and conversion
Use the small current flowing through the switch to control the large current of the electrical device
High School Physics
type
Unloading relay
headlight relay
fog light relay
starter relay
Horn relay
Blower relay
Air conditioning compressor electromagnetic clutch relay
composition
coil (electromagnet)
(Double coil relay, "series and parallel working mode")
Contact
Moving contact type
Moving contact type
Open and close mixed type
Operating Voltage
12.24V
Detection
Key: Clearly distinguish the pin relationship
Usually: the resistance between the two pins of the control circuit is 50-120Ω
other
Power distribution box?