MindMap Gallery Periodic Law of Elements High School Chemistry
This is a mind map about the periodic law of elements in high school chemistry. The periodic law of elements is an important knowledge point in high school chemistry. It reveals the intrinsic connection between the properties of elements and the structure of atoms.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
periodic law of elements
Atomic radius
judge
Look at the energy layer
Same structure -> look at the nuclear charge number
Same nucleus -> look at electrons
Ionization energy
first ionization energy
The energy required for a gaseous ground state atom to lose an electron and convert into a gaseous ground state positive ion.
significance
Measure the difficulty of comparing the loss of electrons
law
Same cycle from left to right
I1 Overall Trend[&]
I1(IA){min}, I1(0 family){max}
Same family from top to bottom
I1[m]
exception
The I1 of IIA and VA families is greater than that of the adjacent main families
Groups IA, IIIA, and VIA are all smaller than adjacent
explain
Half full, full, and empty are more stable
s is full and more stable
step ionization energy
I1<I2<I3<···increase step by step
Because the closer to the nucleus, the greater the attraction
application
If In 1>>In, then the compound valence may be n valence
application
Determine the strength of (non-)metallic properties
but there are special cases
Trend rather than fundamental basis
Determine the valence
Determine whether the same energy level
There is not much difference in the same energy level
electronegativity
bonding electrons
electrons in an atom used to form chemical bonds
significance
Describe the attraction of different atoms to bonding electrons
Unitless, relative value
F: 4.0; Li: 1.0
law
Same cycle from left to right[&]
Co-owner family from top to bottom [m]
The three brothers of hydrogen bonding
O
H2O
N
NH3
F
HF
application
Determine the strength of (non-)metallic properties
Trend rather than fundamental basis
Determine the positive or negative value of a chemical compound
e.g.
Judging (non-)metals in general
Metal<1.8
special case
Pb lead 1.9
Sb antimony 1.9
Non-metal>1.8
Metalloid (eg.Sb, Ge) about 1.8
Generally determine the key type
ionic bond
chemical bond
esp.NaH ionic compound