Features
Features:

Product Tour >

Edraw AI >

Paid Plans:

Individuals >

Business >

Eduaction >
Resources
Blog

History

How-tos & Tips

Discovery

Biography

Business Analysis

Examples

AI concept Map

Free AI Mind Map Generator

Onenote Mind Map

Bcg Matrix Examples

Nike Marketing Strategy

Unilever SWOT Analysis

Make Mind Maps in Google Docs

Guide

FAQs

What's New

Resource Center
Templates
All Templates

Brain Storming Templates

Strategy and Planning Templates

Project Management Templates

Product Management Templates

Human Resources Templates

Agile Workflow Templates

Marketing Templates

Education Templates

Fun and Games Templates

User Gallery
Download
Pricing
Enterprise

MindMap Gallery Medicine Chapter 5 Blood (Peripheral Blood)

Medicine Chapter 5 Blood (Peripheral Blood)

This is a mind map about Chapter 5 Blood (Peripheral Blood). Blood (Peripheral Blood) 5L, 7%, anticoagulant (heparin, sodium citrate), centrifuged upper plasma, lower red blood cells, middle thin layer For leukocytes and platelets (soluble proteinogen → insoluble fibrin → coagulation).

Edited at 2024-03-16 14:47:28

PlotWizard

Recent works View more works>>

Medicine Chapter 5 Blood (Peripheral Blood)

PlotWizard

Recent works View more works>>

Recommended to you
Outline

Blood (peripheral blood) 5L, 7%, anticoagulant (heparin, sodium citrate), after centrifugation, the upper layer is plasma, the lower layer is red blood cells, and the middle thin layer is white blood cells and platelets (soluble proteinogen → insoluble fibrin → coagulation)

Formed components of blood cells 45%

Bone marrow production, hemogram: determination of morphological and quantitative percentage of blood cells and hemoglobin content Stain blood smear with Wright/Giemsa staining method

red blood cells

Biconcave disc shape, mature anucleate and organelle-free. The intracellular hemoglobin (Hb) is filled with red color, male 120-150g/L, female 110-140g/L.

Elastic and plastic (morphological variability): Reason: Red blood cells are fixed on a deformable disc-shaped grid structure, called the red blood cell membrane skeleton. Main components: spectrin, actin

The cell membrane has mosaic proteins (blood group antigen A and blood group antigen B). Transfusion of the wrong blood type causes hemolysis. The remaining red blood cell membrane sacs after hemolysis are called blood ghosts.

transport oxygen, carbon dioxide

The average life span is 120 days. Aged red blood cells are cleared by macrophages when passing through the spleen and liver.

Anemia: RBC number <3*10^12/L, Hb content <100g/L Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: The distance that red blood cells sink at the end of the first hour

The remaining ribosomes of immature red blood cells show a fine mesh shape when stained with brilliant tar blue, so they are called reticulocytes.

Increased reticulocyte count in patients with anemia indicates effective treatment

leukocyte

Granulocytes (granulocytes for short)

neutrophils

It has strong chemotactic and phagocytic functions like macrophages. After phagocytosis, it itself will die and turn into pus cells.

50-70%, the largest number

Curved rod-shaped or lobulated (2-5 leaves) with deeply stained nuclei

In severe bacterial infection of the body, new cells enter the blood from the bone marrow, and the number of cells in the rod-shaped nucleus and the 2-lobed nucleus increases, which is called left shift of the nucleus.

The number of cells in the 4-5 lobe nuclei is increased, which is called the nucleus shifting to the right, indicating dysfunction of bone marrow hematopoietic cells.

The cytoplasm is light pink and contains fine granules.

Light purple: Azure granules 20%

Lysosomes contain acid phosphatase myeloperoxidase and a variety of acid hydrolases (digest and phagocytose bacteria and foreign matter)

Light red: special particles 80%

Secretory granules containing lysozyme and phagocytosin

Phagocin, also known as defensin, has bactericidal effect

neutrophilic, many, small

basophils

Minimum quantity, 0.1%

The nucleus is lobed, S-shaped or irregular, and lightly colored.

The cytoplasm contains basophilic granules, which are unevenly distributed in size and stained blue-purple to cover the nucleus.

It is a secretory granule that contains heparin, histamine, neutrophil chemoattractant, eosinophil chemoattractant, etc., and can synthesize and secrete leukotrienes.

eosinophils

0.5-3%

The core is mostly two-lobed

Thick bright red eosinophilic granules

There are rectangular crystals in the intragranular matrix

is a special lysosome

Contains lysosomal enzymes, histamine enzymes, cationic proteins, aryl sulfatase

Cationic protein: kills parasites

Histamine breaks down histamine

Arylsulfatase inactivates leukotrienes

suppress allergic reactions

Chemotaxis

Moved to the site of allergic reaction by the action of eotaxin

Agranulocytosis (all contain small azurophilic granules)

monocytes

3-8%

The nucleus is kidney-shaped, horseshoe-shaped, twisted and folded, irregular, and the chromatin is fine and loose, so the coloring is light.

The cytoplasm is rich, weakly basophilic, gray-blue, and contains small lavender azurophilic granules, namely lysosomes

Lymphocytes

25-30%

Small and medium lymphocytes, many small, medium few, large lymphocytes not in the blood

The nuclei of small lymphocytes are round and large, with shallow concave on one side. The chromatin is dense and lumpy, and the coloring is dark.

Medium lymphocytes are lightly stained and nucleoli are visible

Cytoplasm is basophilic, blue

Produced in bone marrow, lymphoid organs, lymphoid tissue

Morphological characteristics and immune functions can be divided into three categories

Thymus-dependent lymphocytes (T cells)

Bone marrow-dependent lymphocytes (B cells)

Natural killer cells (NK cells)

platelets

Small pieces of cytoplasm shed by bone marrow macrophages

Biconvex disc shape, bulges protrude when stimulated, irregular shape

gather in groups

There are blue-purple platelet granules in the center, which is called the granular area; the peripheral part is homogeneous and light blue, which is called the transparent area.

The transparent area contains microtubules and microfilaments

There are special granules in the granule area, dense granules, and a small amount of lysosomes

Special particles are many and large, also called alpha particles, containing platelet factor IV, platelet-derived growth factor, and thrombospondin

Involved in hemostasis and coagulation

Plasma 55%

Equivalent to extracellular matrix

Water 90%

Others (plasma proteins: albumin, globulin, fibrinogen) lipoproteins, enzymes, hormones, inorganic salts

bone marrow structure

red bone marrow

yellow bone marrow

hematopoietic tissue

Reticular tissue, hematopoietic cells, stromal cells

Hematopoiesis-inducing microenvironment→hematopoietic cells

The core component is stromal cells

It acts as a hematopoietic scaffold, secretes a variety of hematopoietic growth factors, and regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells.

Sinusoids

Immature red blood cells are located near the blood sinusoids, immature granulocytes are far away from the blood sinusoids, and megakaryocytes are often close to the sinusoidal endothelial space.

Capillaries with large lumens, irregular shapes, large intercellular spaces, and incomplete endothelial basement membrane are conducive to the entry of mature blood cells into the blood.

Hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells

Hematopoietic stem cells (pluripotent stem cells)

Strong proliferative potential

Multidirectional differentiation ability

Ability to self-replicate

Mouse spleen colony formation experiment confirmed

hematopoietic progenitor cells

erythroid hematopoietic progenitor cells

Granulocytomonocyte lineage hematopoietic progenitor cells

Megakaryocyte lineage hematopoietic progenitor cells