Ancient China [Ancient History of the World]
(3rd millennium BC - 5th century)
ancient china
Section 1: Civilization in the Yellow River Basin
1. The emergence of civilization in the Yellow River Basin
2. Characteristics of civilization in the Yellow River Basin
Section 2: Xia, Shang and Zhou civilization
1. Overview of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Era
2. The formation of China’s early political system
Section 3: Qin and Han Civilizations
1. Overview of the Qin and Han Dynasties
2. Politics in the Qin and Han Dynasties
Section 4: Wei and Jin Era
1. Overview of the Wei and Jin Dynasties
2. Wei and Jin politics and development trends
Section 5: Early Chinese Culture
1. Writing and Literature
3. Confucian classics and history
[Geography] China is located at the eastern end of Eurasia and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. From the topographic point of view, China is a mountainous country. The general terrain is higher in the west and lower in the east. It descends from west to east, forming three steps in the terrain.
[Residents] China has been a multi-ethnic country since ancient times. Today, the Han nationality, which accounts for the vast majority of the population in China and is the main body of the Chinese nation, was gradually formed based on the continuous absorption and integration of surrounding ethnic minorities throughout history.
Section 1 Civilization in the Yellow River Basin
The emergence of civilization in the Yellow River Basin
The natural environment of the ancient Yellow River Basin
The Rise of Nations and Civilization
From a global perspective, the emergence of civilization is closely related to the origin of agriculture. The four major civilizations that originated independently all originated in large river basins. The fertile alluvial plains and relatively suitable climatic conditions created favorable conditions for the origin of agriculture. As one of the important birthplaces of human civilization, the civilization in the Yellow River Basin of China undoubtedly followed the universal law of the origin of this ancient civilization. But at the same time, we must also see that due to geographical environment, agricultural production methods and other reasons, the ancient civilization in the Yellow River Basin also showed some characteristics that are different from other ancient civilizations in its development path. One of the most noteworthy characteristics is that of the Yellow River The tenacious vitality and continuity of river basin civilization. The initial civilizations including Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Indus River Valley declined and even perished one after another after hundreds to thousands of years of glory, becoming lost civilizations. But only China's civilization in the Yellow River Basin continues to this day.
The superiority and early maturity of agricultural production conditions
The relative isolation and inclusiveness of civilization in the Yellow River Basin
The persistence and continuity of civilization in the Yellow River Basin
Characteristics of Yellow River Basin Civilization
Section 2 Xia, Shang and Zhou civilization
Overview of Xia, Shang and Zhou Era
An overview of Xia history (21st century BC - 16th century BC)
An overview of the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC - 770 BC)
Overview of Shang History (16th to 11th centuries BC)
An overview of the history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC - 221 BC)
The formation of China’s early political system
Economy: public land ownership (well field system) → private land ownership
Political structure: feudal feudal lords → struggle for hegemony, annexation, and county system
Administrative power: hereditary patriarchal → full-time bureaucrats
Social relations: hereditary → mobile
Culture and academics: nobility → folk (a hundred schools of thought contend)
political system of three generations
Section 3 Qin and Han Civilizations
Overview of the Qin and Han Dynasties
county
county
system
Emperor system and centralization
Politics in the Qin and Han Dynasties
Section 4 Wei and Jin Era
Overview of the Wei and Jin Dynasties
Politics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties
Wei and Jin politics and development trends
Section 5 Early Chinese Culture
Words and Literature
Early conquests by Shang King Wu Ding
Fang Guo's oracles
(turtle plastron)
The Origin of Science in Ancient China
Science in the Qin and Han Dynasties
Science in the Wei and Jin Dynasties
Confucian classics and history
Chinese civilization is one of the four major civilizations that emerged earlier and originated independently in the ancient history of the world. It is also the only civilization among ancient civilizations that has not been interrupted or died out and continues to this day. A large amount of literature and archaeological data show that ancient Chinese civilization is a civilization of independent origin, but it does not exclude the influence of surrounding and foreign cultures.
Ancient Chinese civilization is an important part of the world's ancient civilization. In-depth research and discussion of its development form and trajectory will certainly help enrich and promote understanding of the origin of world civilization.
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