Integral: Also known as bone marrow, it has a medullary cavity inside to accommodate the bone marrow.

Both ends: The two ends are enlarged and are called epiphyses, and their smooth surfaces are called articular surfaces.

Metaphysis: its smooth surface is called the articular surface

Epiphyseal cartilage: In childhood, the epiphysis and the backbone are connected by hyaline cartilage. This cartilage is called epiphyseal cartilage. Epiphyseal cartilage cells continue to divide, multiply and ossify, causing the bone to continue to lengthen.

Epiphyseal line: After adulthood, the epiphyseal cartilage ossifies, and the backbone and epiphysis fuse into one body. The traces left after the fusion

Cubic shape, distributed in groups in firmly connected parts, mainly playing a supporting role. Such as carpal bones, tarsal bones

A flat and wide plate, often surrounding a cavity, such as the skull, ribs, and scapula

Irregular shapes, such as vertebrae and hip bones

It is dense and hard, with high pressure resistance. It is composed of bone plates closely arranged in layers and distributed on the surface of the bone.

Cancellous bone is spongy and composed of interwoven trabeculae located inside the bone. The arrangement of the trabeculae is consistent with the direction in which the bone bears pressure and tension.

Outer layer

inner layer

Lining the inner surface of the medullary cavity and the cancellous cavity of the bone, it is thin

before early childhood

Existence part

Function

before early childhood

Existence part

Function

anemia

pedicle

lamina

7 protrusions

1) Small vertebral body

2) The vertebral foramen is large and triangular in shape

3) There is a hole in the transverse process

4) Bifurcation at the end of the spinous process

3 special cervical vertebrae

1) There are rib concavities: upper and lower rib concavities, transverse rib concavities

2) The spinous process is long and extends backward and downward (imbricated arrangement)

Vertebral foramen → spinal canal spinal cord and its capsule

Intervertebral foramen: spinal nerves and blood vessels

1) Vertebrae are thick and kidney-shaped

2) The spinous process is plate-shaped and extends backward horizontally

8-10 Rib → Rib Worker

11, 12 ribs → floating ribs

enlarged ribs

narrow rib neck

Costal tubercle: rough protrusion on the lateral side of the rib neck

Rib body: flat and long, divided into inner and outer sides and upper and lower edges

Costal groove: The lower edge of the inner surface, where intercostal nerves and blood vessels pass.

Costal angle: the sharp turn in the posterior part of the body

Scales

Drum part

Iwabe

Located in the upper front part of the skull

One body and two wings

Four protrusions in one body

Two branches in one

shoe shape

A sharp point

bottom

four walls