Germline development of psychology: Psychological development during the evolution of the animal germline

The Racial Development of Psychology: The Historical Development of Human Psychology (Racial Comparison)

Individual psychological development: the psychology of an individual from birth to decline. This is the main research scope of developmental psychology [narrow sense]

Holistic → Mental processes include awareness → Develop together

Sociality → Sociality will be affected from birth. The sociality in the family is the mother

Mobility → Need to experience many things, activities, experiences, and perceptions

Regularity: (emphasis)

Age characteristics: Age characteristics are qualitative stipulations at each stage of psychological development, that is, essential characteristics.

Psychological development is closely related to age, and there are three specific manifestations:

Age stage roots: Stage roots are defined by changes in psychological processes or characteristics. At different stages of development, different cognitive processes play a dominant role.

The role of heredity and environment in psychological development is the driving force of psychological development and the essential issue of psychological development.

The relationship between the continuity and stages of psychological development is a question of the process of psychological development.

The relationship between the internal and external dynamics of psychological development is an important issue regarding the interaction between the subject's self-generated and self-developed psychological dynamics and the environment and education, which influence each other's self-organization development process.

The "critical period" issue is about whether there is a critical period in an individual's early psychological development and how to treat sensitive periods.

Description: Describe the research object, psychological characteristics and development status

Explanation: Explain the causes of psychological development phenomena and changes

Forecasting: predicting the future development of the research object based on existing development rules

Control: Strictly regulate environmental variables to promote changes in theoretical expectations

Human advanced psychological functions → development is determined by social, cultural and historical factors

The essence of psychology is the result of continuous internalization of social culture and history through the mediation of language symbols.

Social and cultural activities are the source of intellectual development

Using language as a medium to bring about qualitative changes in psychological activities

Zone of proximal development: the gap between a child's ability to solve problems independently and his ability to solve problems under adult guidance → the child's current level; the level he or she will reach through teaching and learning

Teaching should be in front of development: teaching should guide development and promote development (principle of precedence)

The best period for learning and coaching: when psychological functions begin to form

Diagram → Original experience and cognition in the subject’s mind → Cognitive structure

Assimilation: The process by which the subject incorporates and integrates information from the environment into the existing cognitive structure → quantitative change

Adaptation: When the subject's schema cannot adapt to the requirements of the object, change the original schema or create a new schema to adapt to the needs of the environment. →Qualitative change

Balance: the psychological power of the subject's development, the subject's active development trend

Action is the source of knowledge

The earliest actions are innate and unconditioned reflexes

Maturity: the growth of organisms such as the nervous system → one’s own physical, psychological and material groups (within one’s own body)

Experience: physical experience, mathematical logic experience → learned experience, experience (within oneself)

Social environment: social interaction, social transmission→Meng Mu’s three moves (external)

Balance: assimilate, adapt → adapt, balance (external)