MindMap Gallery Chapter 2 Social Psychology (Section 7 Social Influence)
Psychological counselor exam preparation materials - Chapter 2 Social Psychology Section 7 Social influence, conformity is a way of passively accepting the influence of the group. Thank you for your support, please pay more attention~
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Chapter 2 Social Psychology (Section 7 Social Impact)
Unit 1 Follow the crowd
Definition of conformity: Under group pressure, the phenomenon in which individuals voluntarily align with the majority of the group in terms of cognition, judgment, beliefs, and behavior [go with the crowd]
Group pressure can be real or imagined → older, unmarried people
Group pressure can act with individual awareness or without awareness → Offline large-scale sales
Conformity is voluntary rather than forced
Conformity: a way of passively accepting the influence of the group
function of conformity
Social needs - the function of promoting the formation of common norms and common values in society
The need for individual adaptation—the function of helping individuals better adapt to society
Types of conformity
True conformity: appearance and appearance are the same
Expediency and conformity: the most common, dissatisfied with words and actions with wrong intentions.
Anti-conformity: Right and wrong in mind
Reasons to follow the herd
Seek behavioral reference
Avoid fear of deviation
group cohesion
Factors affecting conformity
Group factors: ①Group consistency ②Group cohesion ③The influence of group size
Individual factors: personality factors (self-evaluation, independence, dependence)
Situational clarity: less clarity, more ambiguity
Other factors: gender, intelligence
Unit 2 Social Promotion and Social Loafing
Social facilitation – also known as “social facilitation”. Refers to the phenomenon that when an individual completes a certain task, his or her performance is improved due to the presence of others
presence of others
实际在场【眼前】
想象在场【脑海】
隐含在场【背后】
The buddy effect: doing something together
In accompanied activities, individuals will feel the pressure of social comparison, thereby increasing their work or activity efficiency
Matching of men and women, work is not tiring
Audience effect: Athletes tend to perform better when other people are watching → When cheerleaders are present, athletes tend to perform better
Social interference – also known as “social inhibition.” Sometimes the presence of others can reduce work performance
Presence of others, simple work facilitation, complex work interference
Social loafing - also known as "social loafing" or "social ease". Refers to the phenomenon that when a group completes something together, the effort put in by individuals is less than when done alone [Moyang Gong] [Big Pot Rice]
Reasons for social slacking: reduced awareness of responsibility and weakened anxiety about being evaluated
Unit 3 Imitation, suggestion and social contagion
imitate
The definition of imitation: Without external pressure, an individual is influenced by others to imitate others and make themselves the same or similar to them.
Characteristics of imitation
The social stimulus for imitation is non-controlling, and role models are the conditions for imitation, but imitation occurs voluntarily and sometimes unconsciously.
similarity
Classification of imitation—intentional imitation and unintentional imitation
The meaning of imitation - imitation is the basis of learning, adaptation, and promotion of group formation
The development trend of imitation
Never imitate →Intentionally imitate
From game imitation → life practice imitation
From imitation of external features → imitation of internal essence
[Talde]'s "Law of Imitation": He believes that imitation is a "basic social phenomenon" and "everything is either invented or imitated."
Decline rate → People in the lower class of society have a tendency to imitate people in the upper class of society. The lower class imitates the upper class → The upper class passes it on to the lower class → Celebrity endorsement
Geometric series rate → imitation of geometric series growth → snowball doubling; 1.01 power
Lead internally first and then externally → Prioritize imitating local culture
hint
The definition of suggestion: under non-confrontational conditions, influencing the psychology and behavior of others through language, expressions, postures and actions, making them accept the opinions and views of the suggestor or act in the suggested manner.
suggest three elements
suggester
suggestive information
suggestee
suggested classification
Source of information: other people’s suggestions, self-suggestions
Purpose of suggestion: intentional suggestion, unintentional suggestion
Relationship between the two parties: direct suggestion, indirect suggestion
Direct hint: cough and shut up
Indirect hint: The child won't eat vegetables, and the husband won't eat either. In order to make the child eat, he beats the husband.
Suggestion effect: suggestion, counter-suggestion
Women are generally more suggestible than men
Main factors affecting suggestion effect
power, prestige, social status
The independence, self-confidence, knowledge level, age, and gender of the suggestee
The situation in which the suggestee is placed
social infection
The definition of social contagion: It is a process of transmitting information and emotions on a larger scale, that is, inducing the same emotions and behaviors in everyone through language, expressions, actions and other methods.
Characteristics: Bi-directional, explosive, quick to accept
Categories: Infection among individuals, infection through mass media, infection in large open groups