The Paleolithic age marks the earliest era of human history, characterized by the development of stone tools and the emergence of early humans.

The Middle Paleolithic is marked by the emergence and development of Neanderthals, a key hominid species adapted to various environments across Europe and parts of Asia.

1. **Paleolithic Age**: The Paleolithic age marks the earliest period of human history, characterized by the development of stone tools and the emergence of hunter-gatherer societies.

2. **Timeframe**: Spanning from about 2.6 million years ago to around 10,000 BCE, the Paleolithic age covers a vast expanse of human evolutionary history.

3. **Divisions**: The Paleolithic is divided into three distinct phases: Lower, Middle, and Upper, each reflecting advancements in tool technology and social organization.

4. **Lower Paleolithic**: The Lower Paleolithic features the earliest hominins and the development of basic stone tools like Oldowan and Acheulean types.

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5. **Middle Paleolithic**: The Middle Paleolithic showcases the Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens, marked by the Mousterian tool culture and complex social structures.

6. **Upper Paleolithic**: The Upper Paleolithic heralds the emergence of anatomically modern Homo sapiens, innovations in art, and specialized hunting techniques.

7. **Cultural Advances**: This period is pivotal for the development of language, art, and cultural expression, significantly shaping human society as we know it today.