lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

heat shock proteins (HSP)

high motility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)

pieces of DNA

Subtopic

Subtopic

produced primarily by macrophages

IL-1 is also produced, neutrophils, NK cells, and B- and T-lymphocytes.

Activate endothelial cells

Activate cytokine production by macrophages

clinical signs and symptoms of inflammation, including fever, headache, anorexia, increased white blood cell count, hypotension, increased acute phase proteins, increased vascular permeability and edema, and increased levels of other pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Work together to cause hypercoagulability seen in SIRS

synergistic effect

produced by nearly all inflammatory cells (monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes) as well as endothelial cells and fibroblasts

PRODUCTION stimulated by IL-1 and TNF, and lipopolysaccharide from bacteria.

stimulation of production of acute phase proteins, CRP, fibrinogen, and complement, by the liver.

high levels of IL-6 correlate with surgical stress, injury severity, burns, severity of septic shock,

Chemokine attaracts cells to where it is

neutrophil recruition and degranulation

role in ARDS and injury to other organs

from NK and other lymphocytes

important in bacterial infection

increases other proinflamatory cytokines

decreases antiinflamatory cytokines

increase adhesions and extravasation

first cytokine to be identified

Macrophage Migratory Inhibitory Factor (MIF)

causes secretion of IL-1 and TNF

HEMOSTASIS

ACTIVATE OTHER PLATELETS

proinflamatory cytokines

bind and present DAMPS

Engulf proteins eg HIV

MICROTHROMBI that trap bacteria

phagocytosis

degranulation

cytokine release

neutrophil extracellular traps(NETS )

forms

functions

essential cell in wound healing

natural killer cells

T and B lymphocytes

degranulation

proinflamatory cytokine production

nitric oxide production

Cytokine production

Angiogenesis and lymphogenesis