RBC membrane

Body secretions

N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

N-acetylgalactosamine

D-galactosyltransferase

D-galactose

N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase/D-galactosyltransferase

N-acetylgalactosamine/D-galactose

2 drops of anti-sera on each tube

1 drop of RCS on each tube

mix and cover

centrifuge for 30 sec (3,400 rpm)

gently shake to resuspend the cell button

observe the dispersion/strength/authenticity of the agglutination

solid aggregate

several large aggregate/free rbc

medium aggregate/free rbc

small aggregate/free rbc/reddish supernatant

barely visble/turbid-reddish supernatant

un/-agglutinated/red supernatant

no formation

hemolysis or partial hemolysis/free rbc

Missing/Weak

Extra

polyagglutination (agglutination regardless of blood type)

rouleaux: excess proteins (inflammation, plasma expander, wharton's jelly)

Missing/Weak

Extra

1-2 drops of anti-A and anti-B in each respective tube

a drop of RCS (2-5%), mix

centrifuge for 30 sec

resuspend the cell button and grade the agglutinate

pos: (+) / neg: (0)

must correlate

2 drops of serum to A1 & B cell tube

a drop of RCS (rgt.) to each tube

mix and centrifuge for 30 sec

resuspend the cell button and grade agglutinate

2:1

1-2 ml of PRBC in a test tube

wash with NSS (3/4), and mix

centrifuge for 1 min, decant the supernanant

repeat the washing/centrifugation/decanting for 3 times

mL of RBC = WRBC / %RCS desired x 100

transfer in another tube the WRBC + NSS

3 days max (suggested: 1 day)

2-5% RCS