C WRIGHT MILLS

CRITIKOS

THE CRITIQUE :

So we start asking questions that are deemed = political.

A political questrion has an answer on ways of living together while disagreeing.

ARENDT : thinking vs Knowledge , put into work leads to a result. = people that know how to build houses put it in the world. = no need to think about everything ourselves.

She likes to make problematic quick and hard distinctions = helps emphasise things that are easy to overlook tho.

Her 1st book : origins of totalirtanianism.

*Governing people?

It's hard to say cuz we have overlapping boundries for our 'political system'

For example, political science, law and sociology.

HOBBES next week.

A definition here can be stipulative, okay what aspect of politics are you doing? Democracy ...*..?

One of the objectives of this program is to also question these boundries.

THE OBJECT OF THIS COURSE IS: WHY SHOULD WE SUBMIT TO BEING GOVERNED?

What is METAPHYSICS ** : ARISTOTLE : The part after the physics. ALSO FIRST PHILOSOPHY, The part of philosophy where we can make claims about anything. But can we know it? = speculative.

Evolutianirily speaking : our mind filters info. (11 billion impulses , process 40 at a time). - We also have BLIND SPOTS where we fill in missing information based of oof previous experience.

But we don't have DEFINTE answers about how the world really is.

Reality is what it 'appears' to be.

What the world is indepentent of our own experiences is hard to know. = aim of Philisophy tho*.

Before you make claims about the pol world you need A THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE > enter HOBBES. !

EPISTEM+OLOGY = Theory of knowledge, the steps elaborated to produce knowledge about a certain thing in the world, the OLOGY = means a science of something.

MIDDLE EAST = became an object after IR. But an objective understandings of the ME depends on objective understanding of the world it is situated in.

FINAL PART of CLASS = critiques on what we learned.

HERBERT MARCUSE = Main thinker of FS , ie critical. = Critical thinking is a cause of world problems = the types of opression we see in the world. = responsible for good things too but is ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR CRISIS. Ex, hieracrhies,*which are* dividing the world , reorganizinng elements of nature = may destroy the planet in the process.

FEYNMAN ; Science is important because it is v succesful in making the world in OuR interest, not because it is always accurate.

GOAL : Identify, Justify and Stand.

ADAM SMITH needed colonialism to concieve those ideas =a dynamic interaction.

EQUATING CRITICAL THINKING WITH DOUBT.

IT TALKS ABOUT VALIDITY AND PROABILITY PERHAPS = NEWTON'S ACCOUNT OF GRAVITY. NOW A QUANTUM THEORY OF GRAVITY WHICH WORKS BETTER.

Science can WORK but is not always true = Science is corrigable. You question something and then science might give you an even better answer.

THE ONE SUN GOD = AKHNATON declares that for others! > Before that the ancient world had it's own God and sets of truths and beliefs.

THE BIBLICAL TRADITION AND THE MONOTHEISTIC : have prophets that have connection with revelation (the truth) from the DIVINE. > How can we use that to bring TRUTH with A capital T. > This type of truth is called HERMENEUTICS. = The interperatation of the first religious texts.

= rejects pol. animal = Aristotal NO!influential works = doc = oxford = part of people that supported limitations on monarch and parliament.= Kames II exile from France and protestant? = 1st treatise fights a defender of monarch that also = divine rights.= people are conditioned and are rational = rejects Aristotle political animal idea. = like LOCKE = humans are calculated creatures. = but gov is not a necessity more of an open question. = does it? does protect our natural state of nature rights. = life is a series of tests = only okay if preserves these rights more = how to enforce the all agreed upon wrong. = state is at the side an intervenes when only necessary = impartial adjudicator. = balance of self interest with others or the adding of state to help do it. = state of nature is good enough but by no means perfect. = property = trading = resources of colonies.= anarchic space of the market place.= diggers appropriating all property and sharing . = A historical account = rational start = but still has cultural ASSUMPTIONS!! = positioality too. = endorsed slavery cons. of virginia. = we can create our proprty**. = build property goc protects.

Lbour theory of value = laboure = price or / it's value. = makes people governable because you own stuff you care about that. = no property for you if you are gonna waste it!

Leviathan = unnatural body = colossus.

HOBBES = Absolutist = determinist = materialist = radical account of freedom. = opposition to movement = any kind of motion = determinist = there's a cause for everything = similar to predterminiation = Calvinist yet there are founndations for things and it's not just religion = everything has a cause but sometimes we don't know it yet?** = ultimately people still have a choice = you made a decision but it was not really very free = Freedom notion comes from Roman law = not a slave = britain , writings = Henry the 8th = protestant. = x divine right to king!. = defends autocracy tho as an assence = authority to impose will on each member when things are in crisis = Machiavelli?** = Hated a lot = based on rational cuz religion made ppl kill each other no longer point of agreement = books burned in 1680s = accused of Atheism simply for not using relifious justification = Brit par debated responsible for the Fire and Plague , godly punishment. = His Scenic hypothesis starts with the individual = common denominator = thought experiment tho. = rich uncle = classics = RENESSAINCE EDUCATION !!! = there are two sides to every argument = cecero = Frontispiece = Leviathan = Greek poetry SEE things. = believe the argument.= HOBBES = equality is a problem for me. = everyone has an equal right to everything = at the mercy of others = equal access = equal rights = the weakest will find way to make it unequal. =GAME THEORY LANGUAGE = maximum instread of more stable less = First scientific case for WHY we should accept government. = natural is not desirable = the artificial is corrigable and testable. + practice. = the artificial you create is more in our interest and is certainely better than state of 'nature' = weapons of false reasoning = we need therefore this new basis of gov. = sword back a little bit = mercy of king that holds it = negative reason to get into politics = afraid of dying = rejects Aristotle = the moral life = reduced to form of gov = H : this produces differences #

PARIS = finishes 1st work of Political thought. De Cive.

Freedom is ratchet and choatic = individual one = the ultimate oe that YOU seek.

Books of Emblamata have different Libertas ideas (+). = free slaves = cats free to do whatever.

HOBBES' inspo of liberty

New found land of Virginia

Leviathan = Treaty of Westphalia = no Authority above the state. = revolutio breaks out in Britain