Controls the expression of genes and the production of proteins

General features of RNA synthesis

RNA Polymerase in Escherichia coli (E. coli)

takes place with the DNA double helix, which in turn unwinds in the region of RNA synthesis, and this phenomenon can be termed as transcription bubble.

It is always from one main DNA strand to every single gene, and this single main strand can be termed as a Template strand.

Its Molecular weight is about 470,000 Da

Core Enzyme

Holoenzyme

Template Strand

Coding Strand

Intrinsic termination

Other type of termination involves rho protein

Alternative σ Factors

Enhancers

Operons

Transcription attenuation

transcription bubble of about 17 base pairs moves down the DNA sequence to be transcribed

RNA polymerase catalyzes formation of phosphodiester bonds between the incorporated ribonucleotides

Topoisomerases relax the supercoils in front of and behind the transcription bubble

Occurs when the RNA polymerase is able to launch itself off the DNA promoter

RNA polymerase scrunches the DNA into itself, causing torsional strain of the separated DNA strands

Part of transcription where RNA polymerase binds to DNA, the strands are separated, and the first nucleotide binds to its complement

Begins when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and forms closed complex

Requires formation of open complex

Portion of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds at the start of transcription

Simplest of organisms contain a large amount of DNA that is not transcribed

DNA sequences that provide direction for RNA polymerase