Knowledge gaps: "Risk factors,Dominnant Bacteria and Antimicrobial agents"

Dental caries is the localized destruction of hard tissues caused by the acidic byproducts of dental plaque. It occurs when cariogenic bacteria colonize a susceptible tooth surface and a dietary source of sucrose or refined sugar is present. It is one of the most serious oral health problems in both developing and developed countries, affecting 20-50% of the global population. However, more than 700 different bacterial species have been found in the oral cavity of humans. Oral streptococci are the most common initial organisms, followed by gram-positive rods such as Lactobacillus spp. And, especially, Actinomyces species. A multivariate analysis showed that brushing teeth, chewingtobacco,and drinking soft drinks were factors associated with bacterial dental caries. Therefore, Concerning determining the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with bacterial isolates from dental caries patients in the study area. (Mandie Maru & Zelalem Teklemariam & Desalegn Admassu , 2023)

Ethical considerations

Relativism/ qualitative approach (cross-sectional study) All adult patients having dental caries attending at............., A convenient sampling technique will be used

Specimen collection

Bacterial culture and identification

Antimicrobial susceptibility tests

• Literature Review 2 weeks

• Research Design 2-3 weeks

• Methodology (M & M) 3-6 months

• Results/Analysis 2 months

• Thesis Writing 2 months

1-The magnitude of bacteria identified in dental caries patients, for example, may provide valuable information about the pathogen most responsible for dental caries in Riyadh.

2-There are a variety of causes associated with bacterial dental caries. Health education is provided to the community about dental caries based on identified risk factors.

3- Antibiotic resistance is a global problem that accounts for 1.27 million deaths worldwide. Antibiotic resistance can be overcome in two steps. The population needs to be better understood to use antibiotics effectively. In addition, doctors should use antibiotics according to bacterial culture.

1-This study will use a small sample size; therefore, the prevalence of bacteria may be underestimated and will not be representative of the general population.

2- Due to a shortage of biochemicals, some bacteria cannot be identified at the species level. Consequently, such bacteria may be ignored.

Maru, Mandie & Teklemariam, Zelalem & Ayana, Desalegn. (2023). Magnitude, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates among adult dental caries patients attending Hiwot Fana comprehensive specialized university hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. PloS one. 18. e0278829. 10.1371/journal.pone.0278829.

Banawas, Saeed. (2022). Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Frequency of Antibiotic-Resistant Clostridium Species in Saudi Arabia. Antibiotics. 11. 1165. 10.3390/antibiotics11091165.