General Purpose

Compute Optimisation

Memory Optimisation

Accelerated Computation

Storage Optimisation

HPC Optimisation

Operating System: Linux, Windows or Mac OS How much compute power & cores (CPU) How much random-access memory (RAM) How much storage space: - Network-attached (EBS & EFS) - Hardware (EC2 Instance store Network card: speed of the card, Public IP address Firewall rules: Security group Bootstrap script (configure at first launch): EC2 User Data

Security Groups are acting as a ‘firewall’ on EC2 instances They regulate: - Access to ports - Authorised IP ranges - IPv4 and IPv6 - Control of inbound network (from other to the Instance) - Control of outbound network (from Instance to the other) - Example of Security Group Rules: - 0.0.0.0/0 = everything Can be attached to multiple instances Locked down to a region /VPC combination

22 = SSH (Secure Shell) - log into a Linux instance 21 = FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - upload files into a file share 22 = SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) - upload files using SSH 80 = HTTP - access unsecured websites 443 = HTTPS - access secured websites 3389 = RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) - log into a Windows instance

Pay, by the second, for the instances that you launch. short workload, predictable pricing Pay for what you use Linux or Windows - billing per second after the first minute All other operating systems - billing per hour Has the highest cost but no upfront payment No long-term commitment Recommended for short-term and un-interrupted workloads, where you can’t predict how the application will behave

1 or 3 year term Reduce your Amazon EC2 costs by making a commitment to a consistent instance configuration, including instance type and Region Reserved Instances - long workloads Convertible Reserved Instances - long workloads with flexible instances Up to a 72% discount compared to On-Demand You reserve a specific instance attributes (Instance Type, Region, Tenancy, OS) Reservation Period - 1 year (+discount) or 3 years (+++discount) Payment Options - No upfront (+), Partial Upfront (++), All upfront (+++) Reserved Instance’s Scope - Regional or Zonal (reserve capacity in an AZ (Availability Zone) Recommended for steady-state usage applications (think database) You can buy and sell in the Reserved Instance Marketplace Convertible Reserved Instance - Can change the EC2 Instance type, Instance family, OS, scope and tenancy - Up to a 66% discount

1 or 3 year term Commit to a specific spending Reduce your Amazon EC2 costs by making a commitment to a consistent amount of usage, in USD per hour commitment to an amount of usage, long workload Instead of committing to a specific Instance type, you commit to a specific amount of usage in $ Get a discount based on long-term usage (up to 72% - same as RIs) Commit to a certain type of usage (eg. $10/hour for 1 or 3 years) Usage beyond EC2 Savings Plans is billed at the On-Demand price Locked to a specific instance family & AWS region (eg., M5 in us-east-1) Flexible across: - Instance Size (eg., m5.xlarge, m5.2xlarge) - OS (eg., Linux, Windows) - Tenancy (Host, Dedicated, Default)

short workloads, cheap, can loose instances (less reliable) Request unused EC2 instances, which can reduce your Amazon EC2 costs significantly. Can get a discount of up to 90% compared to on demand Instances that you can “loose” at any point of time if your max price is less than the current spot price The most cost-effective instances in AWS Useful for workloads that are resilient to failure - Batch jobs - Data analysis - Image processing - Any distributed workloads - Workloads with a flexible start and end time Not suitable for critical jobs or databases

Pay for a physical host that is fully dedicated to running your instances, and bring your existing per-socket, per-core, or per-VM software licenses to reduce costs. book an entire physical server, control instance placement A physical server with EC2 instance capacity fully dedicated to your use Allows you address compliance requirements and use your existing server-bound software licenses (per-socket, per-core, per VM software licenses) Purchasing Options: - On-demand - pay per second for active Dedicated Host - Reserved - 1 or 3 years (No Upfront, Partial Upfront, All Upfront) The most expensive option Useful for software that have complicated licencing model (BYOL - Bring Your Own License) Or for companies that have strong regulatory or compliance needs

Pay, by the hour Instances run on single-tenant hardware. no other customers will share your hardware Instances run on hardware that’s dedicated to you May share hardware with other instances in same account No control over instance placement (can move hardware after a Stop / Start)

Reserve capacity for your EC2 instances in a specific Availability Zone for any duration. Reserve capacity in a specific AZ (Availability Zones) for any duration Reserve On-Demand instances capacity in a specific AZ for any duration You always have access to EC2 capacity when you need it No time commitment (create/cancel anytime), no billing discounts Combine with Regional Reserved Instances and Savings Plans to benefit from billing discounts You’re charged at On-Demand rate whether you run instances or not Suitable for short-term, uninterrupted workloads that need to be in a specific AZ

General Purpose (SSD) gp2, gp3 Can be used as boot volume

Provisional IOPS (SSD) io1, io2 Can be used as boot volume

st1 (HDD)

sc1 (HDD)

Make a backup (snapshot) of your EBS column at a point in time Not necessary to detach volume to do a snapshot, but it is recommended Can copy snapshots across AZ or Region EBS Snapshot Archive - Move a Snapshot to an “Archive Tier” that is 75% cheaper - Takes within 24 to 72 hours for restoring the archive

Recycle Bin

Controls the EBS behaviour when EC2 instance terminates - By default, the Root EBS volume is deleted (attribute enabled) - By default, any other attached EBS volume is not deleted (attribute disabled) This can be controlled by the AWS console /AWS CLI Use case: preserve root volume when instance is terminated, you can disable ‘Disable on termination’

Performance

Storage Classes