Lifethreatening complication of uncontrolled diabetes

Result of insulin deficiency and increased stress hormones

Dignostic Criteria

ICD 11

DKA is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus

Symptoms typically include increased thirst and urination, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, confusion, and rapid breathing

Physical exam may reveal signs of dehydration and/or neurological changes

Laboratory testing can confirm the diagnosis and assess severity

Metabolic acidosis is a hallmark of DKA and is characterized by a low HCO3 and a high anion gap

Complications may include cerebral edema, hypoglycemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Followup care is vital to prevent recurrence and ongoing management of diabetes mellitus

High blood sugar levels

Dehydration (thirst, dry mouth)

Nausea and vomiting

Abdominal pain

Rapid breathing

Confusion and difficulty concentrating

Fruity breath odor

Decreased consciousness

Lack of insulin

Infection

Stress

Medications

Substance abuse

Other medical conditions

Insulin deficiency leads to increased gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in the liver

Increased glucose production by the liver and decreased glucose utilization by peripheral tissues

Elevated levels of glucagon and catecholamines further stimulate gluconeogenesis and reduce insulin secretion

Hyperglycemia causes osmotic diuresis, leading to dehydration and electrolyte disturbances

Acidosis impairs normal cellular functions and can lead to organ failure

Treatment includes insulin administration to reverse the underlying pathophysiology

Tight blood sugar control

Regular followup with healthcare provider

Education on symptoms and management of DKA

Timely recognition and management of infections and illnesses

Regular insulin therapy and medication compliance.

Blood tests (glucose and electrolytes)

Urine tests (ketones)

Arterial blood gas test

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Lab values

Insulin therapy

Intravenous fluids

Electrolyte replacement

Correction of acidbase balance

Treatment of underlying cause

Cerebral edema

Respiratory failure

Hypoglycemia

Abnormal heart rhythms

Kidney failure

Prompt recognition and treatment are critical in preventing lifethreatening complications

DKA is a serious and potentially lifethreatening complication of diabetes

Once the patient is stabilized, ongoing management is necessary

DKA can result in significant morbidity and mortality if not managed appropriately