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MindMap Gallery Embryonics Chapter 4 Blood

Embryonics Chapter 4 Blood

Summary and Review of Chapter 4 of "Tissing and Embryoology" Ninth Edition, Total Blood: The total blood volume of adults is about 5 liters, accounting for about 7% of their body weight. Blood composition: Blood is composed of plasma and blood cells, of which plasma accounts for 55% and blood cells account for 45%.

Edited at 2025-03-11 10:52:43

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Embryonics Chapter 4 Blood

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blood

45% blood cells

source

marrow

Blood image

Hemocytomorphology, quantity, percentage and hemoglobin content

Important criteria for diagnosing diseases

Classification

Red blood cells

structure

Double concave disc-shaped, 7.5-8.5 microns in diameter, nucleus, organelles, and hemoglobin in the cytoplasm

Function

Combining and transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide

Physiological characteristics

Plasticity and elasticity, semi-permeable membrane properties

skeleton

Hemoshomoscopic protein

Structural abnormality

Hereditary spherical erythrocytes

Swallowed by macrophages, causing anemia

Actin

Blood type antigen

ABO blood type antigen system

Membrane sac glycoprotein

Antigen A

Antigen B

Blood transfusion principle

Immune type

Normal value

Red blood cells

Hemoglobin

life

Average 120 days

Aging red blood cells are phagocytically eliminated by macrophages from the spleen and liver

Immature red blood cells

Reticulum erythrocytes

Also known as naive red blood cells

Accounts for 0.5-1.5%, the cytoplasm contains ribosomes (stained by tar blue into purple-blue), and is in a fine reticle

Increased during anemia

It shows that bone marrow hematopoietic function is enhanced

reduce

Bone marrow hematopoietic dysfunction

Platelets

structure

Megakaryocyte cytoplasmic debris, arranged in clusters, 2-4 microns, double concave disc-shaped or irregular (protrusions produced by mechanical and chemical stimulation), nucleus, with organelles

Two areas

Granule area

central

Purple blue particles

Transparent area

around

Homogenous light blue

Ultramicrostructure

surface

Adsorbs plasma proteins and contains a variety of coagulation factors

Transparent area

Microtube

Microfilament

Maintain the shape of platelets

Granule area

Special particles

Contains blood coagulation and hemostatic factors

Dense particles

A small amount of lysosomes

Cytoplasm

Small tubular system

Open tubular system

Connect with cell membranes

Dense tubular system

Closed

Function

Participate in hemostasis and clotting

Normal value

(100-400)*10 9/L

Less than 100910 9/L

Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenic purpura

Ecchymosis on the skin, purpura

Less than 5*10 9/L

Bleeding

leukocyte

structure

Colorless, spherical, core

Function

Deformation motion

Swallow

Resistant antigens

Classification

Are there any special particles

Leukocytes

Neutrophils

50-70%

Granules

Special neutral particles

80%

Light red

Sky-eating granules

20%

Purple red

structure

Diameter 10-12 microns, core polymorphic, 2-5 leaves, usually 3 leaves are the main

The core left shift

Acute severe bacterial infection, mainly 2 leaves

The core is moved right

Bone marrow hematopoietic dysfunction, mainly 4-5 leaves

Ultramicrostructure

Special particles

Medium electron density

Contains lysozyme, phagocytine

Sky-eating granules

Lysosomes

Contains peroxidase

Function

Deformation motion

Swallow and eliminate bacteria

It will become pus cells

Eosinophils

0.5-3%

structure

Diameter 10-15 microns, special particles are large and uneven, orange-red, core is divided into leaves, mainly 2 leaves, and eight-shaped arrangement

Ultramicrostructure

Granules

Lysosomes

Rectangular crystals in the matrix

Inclusions

Histaminease

Inactivated histamine

Aromatic sulfate enzyme

Inactivated leukotriene

Cationic protein

Kill parasites

Function

Deformation motion

Phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complexes to reduce allergic reactions

Kill parasites

Barophilic granulocytes

0-1%

structure

Diameter 10-12 microns, special particles are large and uneven in size, purple-blue, particles mask the core, heterochromatic, irregular or S-shaped

Ultramicrostructure

Granules

There are fine particles

Contains heparin, histamine

Cytoplasm

Contains leukotriene

Function

Participate in allergic reactions and anticoagulation

Different from mast cells are different hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from bone marrow

Granular leukocytes

Lymphocytes

20-30%

Diameter 6-20 microns classification

Small 6-8 microns

90%, round or oval

Cytoplasm

Few, sky blue, sky-loving particles

nuclear

Round, with shallow concave on one side of the nucleus, dense chromatin into blocks, deep dye

Ultramicrostructure

Cytoplasm

A large number of free ribosomes, lysosomes

9-12 micrometers

13-20 micrometers large

There is basically no blood

Rich cytoplasm

Different classifications of processes, surface molecules and functions

T cells

75%

Participate in cellular immunity

B cells

10-15%

Plasma cells produce antibodies and participate in humoral immunity

NK cells

Natural killer cells

Nonspecifically kill certain tumor cells or virus-infected cells

Mononuclear cells

3-8%

structure

Diameter 14-20 micrometers

maximum

Cytoplasm

Rich, gray-blue, basophilic, and azure-elastic granules

nuclear

Various shapes (kidney-shaped, horseshoe-shaped, round, oval), small and sparse chromatin, uneven surface of the core, light staining

Ultramicrostructure

surface

Micro fluffy

Cytoplasm

Swallowing body

Granules

Lysosomes

Peroxidase

Acid phosphatase

Nonspecific esterase

Function

Enter connective tissue to form powerful macrophages

Kill bacteria

Swallow foreign body particles and aging and damaged cells

Participate in immune response

Plasma 55%

Extracellular matrix

serum

Substrate

Blood clots

In blood vessels and heart, about 5L for adults

Blood smear

wright , giemsa stain