Ohm's law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it and inversely proportional to its resistance.

This relationship can be expressed as I = V/R, where I is the current, V is the voltage, and R is the resistance.

Series and parallel circuits

The load, such as a light bulb or motor, converts electrical energy into other forms, such as light or motion.

A power source, such as a battery or generator, supplies electrical energy to the circuit.

Conductors, like wires, carry the electrical current throughout the circuit.

Power source, conductors, and load

Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current in a circuit and is measured in ohms.

Voltage is the electric potential difference that drives the flow of current in a circuit.

Current is the rate of flow of electric charge and is measured in amperes.

Fossil fuels, nuclear power, renewable energy

Conductors allow the flow of electricity, while insulators resist it.

Examples of conductors include metals and water, while materials like rubber and plastic are good insulators.

Direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC)

Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge.

Electricity is a crucial part of our daily lives, powering various devices and systems.

Contact with live wires, faulty wiring, or overloading of circuits can lead to electric shock.

Electrical burns can occur due to direct contact with electrical energy.

Poor insulation, overheating, or short circuits can cause fires.

Electric shock, fire hazards, and electrical burns

Circuit protection devices such as fuses and circuit breakers prevent overloads and short circuits.

Grounding ensures excess electrical energy is safely directed into the ground.

Proper grounding, insulation, and circuit protection devices

Insulation prevents direct contact with live wires.

Electrical energy consumed is calculated by multiplying power by the time the device is used.

This is expressed as E = Pt, where E is energy, P is power, and t is time.

Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred or used.

Energy is the capacity to do work and is quantified in joules.

Power can be calculated using the formula P = IV, where P is power, I is current, and V is voltage.