1. The right to respect for personality and dignity

2. The right to necessary and appropriate medical treatment and care

3. The right to disease awareness (the right to obtain personal condition information) Patients have the right to know and understand the nature, severity, treatment conditions and prognosis of their diseases. Doctors provide information about diseases without harming the interests of patients and without affecting the effectiveness of treatment. If the patient cannot be told for medical reasons, the patient's representative should be told.

4. The right to informed consent for diagnosis, treatment and human experimentation Patients have the right to know the effects, success rates, or possible complications and risks of doctors’ diagnosis and treatment methods (including human experiments), and diagnosis and treatment methods must be implemented with the patient’s consent.

5. Have the right to keep personal secrets

6. Have the right to be exempted from certain social responsibilities and obligations due to illness

7. Right to litigate and right to compensation

1. Right to diagnosis and treatment

2. Medical autonomy

3. Right to medical confidentiality

4. Special right of intervention: Under certain circumstances, doctors need to limit the patient's autonomy in order to fulfill the doctor's obligations to the patient and be responsible for the patient's interests.

deontological evaluation ①Positive influence - conducive to the realization of medical ethics requirements ②Limitations Deontology uses motivation rather than results as the basis for evaluating moral behavior, and is not very operable in some cases. There is no fundamental answer to where "good wishes" come from. The plurality of morals means that it is difficult to form a universal ethics. The premise of subject autonomy is that people are rational, but people in life are complex, so the moral norm system cannot be missing.

1. The connotation of utilitarianism The purpose of society establishing morality is not for morality itself, but for the existence and development of society and the promotion of personal interests; the establishment and improvement of moral norms and the decision-making, evaluation and defense of ethical behavior emphasize consequences, utility and value, that is, how to formulate and improve morality. Norms and how moral judgments are made emphasize consequences. Any behavior that brings benefits to the actor and the people related to him is a moral behavior.

2. Basic viewpoint of utilitarianism (1) When an action will lead to the smallest possible bad result or the largest possible good result, the behavior is a correct behavior, that is, whether the behavior is correct or not depends on whether the behavior enhances happiness. (2) Utility can be calculated, and through calculation we can figure out what is the greatest happiness.

3. Application of utilitarianism Since medical and health resources are limited, they must be used rationally and efficiently, and medically unsafe and useless treatments must not be provided. When formulating a medical and health plan, all benefits and needs that may be brought about by the plan that may be implemented must be considered. Evaluate the cost, that is, cost-effectiveness analysis.

4. Positive impact of utilitarianism Utilitarianism's focus on behavioral effects balances deontology's overemphasis on behavioral motivations. Although good motivation is an important prerequisite for the implementation of moral behavior, the complexity of reality reveals that there is no inevitable causal relationship between motivation and results.

(1) Important means and structures 1. External constraints are an important means to ensure the effectiveness of moral norms 2. The necessity of external constraints: Moral norms are not people’s innate concepts. People’s acceptance of moral norms must go through an internalization process. When moral norms have not been internalized by people into their own beliefs, without external constraints, cannot guarantee the normal operation of social order.

(2) Heteronomous form Social public opinion, customs and habits, social praise or sanctions, and the stimulation of role models