MindMap Gallery Viruses (Microbiology)
This is a mind map about viruses. The main contents include: basic methods of virus research, proliferation, characteristics and definitions, structure or chemical composition.
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This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
This 2026 planner effectively combines goal setting with practical tools, including monthly plans, weekly plans, and monthly reviews. Integrated lifestyle and leisure sections ensure work-life balance, while the quarterly layout provides a clear structure for tracking progress. The planner's simple and clear design helps you clarify your goals, cultivate habits, and cherish every important moment – turning your plans into reality step by step, with new achievements every week.
Virus
structure or chemical composition
basic structure
capsid (shell)
core
capsule
spike
size shape
nanometer
Spherical, rod-shaped, tadpole-shaped, etc.
shell symmetry
spiral symmetry
Rod-shaped
icosahedral symmetry
spherical
compound symmetry
tadpole shape
chemical components
nucleic acid
Viral DNA and RNA both have single-stranded and double-stranded
dsDNA
Most DNA viruses
ssDNA
E. coli X174 phage
dsRNA
animal reovirus
ssRNA
Most plant viruses
-ssRNA
flu virus
The single strand of nucleic acid whose base sequence is consistent with that of mRNA is designated as the positive strand ( )
The single strand of nucleic acid whose base sequence is complementary to that of mRNA is designated as the negative strand (-)
protein
Some viruses encode only one protein, while most viruses encode multiple proteins.
Mainly plays a role in structuring the virus and in the process of virus proliferation: 1. Protecting nucleic acids and maintaining the integrity of the virus particle structure 2. Participating in the adsorption of viruses 3. Participating in the synthesis of viral macromolecules 4. Destroying host cell walls and cell membranes
other ingredients
Characteristics and Definition
Features
The shape is tiny and can be observed at the nanometer level using an electron microscope.
Cellless structures, usually containing only one type of nucleic acid, DNA or RNA, some simple viruses are composed only of nucleic acid and protein.
Parasitism within living cells
host specific
Infectious
Exists in a macromolecular state outside cells and does not show life phenomena
Generally not sensitive to antibiotics, but sensitive to interferon.
definition
Viruses contain a type of nucleic acid, DNA or RNA, and are obligately parasitic in living cells. They can only rely on the metabolic system of the host cell to complete nucleic acid replication and protein synthesis. After assembly, they reproduce and can be used as inanimate macromolecules outside the cell. non-cellular microorganisms that exist in a state.
proliferation
Also known as reset
process
Adsorption
Intrusion and shelling
Biosynthesis
Nucleic acid replication, transcription, and protein synthesis Central dogma
assembly
freed
Phage type
virulent bacteriophage
temperate bacteriophage
lysogenic bacteria
Basic methods of virus research
binary culture method
The culture method mainly depends on the host range, tissue tropism and other factors of the virus.
identification
plaque
Plaques (animal viruses) and foci of infection (tumor viruses)
Necrotic spots (dead spots)
Virus interference phenomenon
When two viruses infect the same host cell at the same time or one after another, one virus inhibits the proliferation of the other virus.
lesion effect
cell culture specimens
inclusion bodies
other
PCR: Nucleic acid detection of new coronavirus
Antigen-antibody specific reaction
Quantitative
Infectious unit of virus Potency or virulence of a virus LD50 Infectious dose
plant viruses
sensitive plant leaves
cultivated plants
cell culture
animal viruses
experimental animals
Chicken embryo
Various cell cultures
Phage
bacterial culture
Culture medium
become clear
Nutrient agar plate
Bacterial plates become residue plates
life cycle
lysogenic cycle
lytic cycle
Classification according to host species
Microbial viruses
Phage
plant viruses
animal viruses