MindMap Gallery Enzymology and topology of DNA replication
Molecular Biology, 9th Edition of Human Health Science and Technology, including DNA polymerase catalyzing the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides, The base selection and proofreading functions of DNA polymerase, etc.
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The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
Enzymology and topology of DNA replication
DNA polymerase catalyzes the polymerization of deoxynucleotides
The full name of DNA polymerase is DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (DNA-pol). Its function is to catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds and promote the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides from 5'→3'.
DNA-pol III is the enzyme that truly catalyzes the replication and elongation of prokaryotes
Base selection and proofreading functions of DNA polymerase
Three mechanisms in organisms to ensure fidelity
① Strictly follow the principle of complementary base pairing
②The base selection function of polymerase during replication elongation
③There is an instant proofreading function when copying errors occur
Topological changes in DNA molecules during replication
When replication starts, a variety of enzymes and auxiliary protein factors are needed to unravel and straighten the DNA double strands, and maintain the DNA molecule in a single-stranded state for a period of time.
DNA ligase ligates single-stranded gaps created during replication
DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-OH end of the DNA chain and the 5'-P end of the adjacent DNA chain, thereby connecting adjacent DNA fragments to complete the chain, consuming ATP in the reaction.
Ligase connects the single-stranded nicks in the double strands based on complementary bases and does not work on the single strand of DNA existing alone. This enzyme not only connects Okazaki fragments during replication, but also plays a suturing role in DNA repair, recombination, and splicing.