(1) The basis for the formation and development of the world economy
international division of labor
constraints and influencing factors
socioeconomic conditions
productivity development level
The size of the domestic market
Differences in socioeconomic structure, etc.
decisive factors, especially the development of productive forces
Natural conditions
It is the basis for human economic activities and has a greater impact on countries with backward socio-economics and low levels of economic development.
The development of the international division of labor
The international division of labor is a historical category and is the product of historical development to the stage of capitalism, that is, the stage of industrial society.
under the leadership of capitalism
The starting point for its formation was the British Industrial Revolution that began in the 1860s
The role of international division of labor in the formation and development of the world economy
Global market
formation and development
The development of large-scale machine industry
Promote changes in the commodity structure of the world market
Promote changes in the price mechanism of world markets
The establishment of the capitalist mode of production
It is the internal driving force for the formation of the world market.
Development of transportation and communications industry
The transportation and communications industries are the carriers of international circulation of commodities and the media for information dissemination.
The emergence of world currency
The emergence of world currency is an inevitable result of the development of international trade, and it also contributes to the stability of the world market.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the world market finally took shape
definition
In a narrow sense, the world market is a place or field where countries around the world conduct goods and exchanges with each other.
Broadly speaking, the world market refers to the sum of various exchange relationships in the field of international circulation, including commodities, capital, technology, labor services, etc.
The role and influence of the world market on the formation and development of the world economy
(ii) The historical process of the formation and development of the world economy
The Great Geographical Discovery and the Emergence of the World Economy
sparking a European business revolution
Large amounts of gold and silver flowed into Western Europe, strengthening the power of the bourgeoisie
Driven the transfer of European economic markets and the expansion of the world market
This early international division of labor and the emergence of the world market marked the gradual formation of the world economy.
British industrial revolution
The initial formation of the world economy
Machine-based large-scale industry has become a powerful weapon for the expansion of capitalism around the world.
Large-scale machine industry expands the scope of the world market
Machinery industry enriches the content of the world market
Promote the establishment of an international division of labor system
On the basis of large-scale machine industry, the establishment of the international division of labor system and the development of the world market have become the main signs of the initial formation of the world economy.
second industrial revolution
The final formation of the world economy
Promoted the rapid development of heavy chemical industry, transportation and communications industry
Capitalism moves from free competition to monopoly stage
The formation of financial capital and the establishment of its dominance marked the
Deepen the international division of labor and improve the world market
Intensify competition among capitalist countries
(iii) The world economy before World War II
The impact of World War I on the world economy
Productivity was destroyed and world industrial production fell across the board.
International trade has shrunk severely and the international gold standard has collapsed.
Major capitalist countries have undergone tremendous changes in economic strength
The influence of the establishment of the Soviet socialist system
The establishment of Soviet Russia and its significance
The impact of Soviet economic development on the world economy
Trigger changes in international political and economic relations
Promote world economic development
Promote the adjustment and reform of the economic and social systems of capitalist countries
The impact of the Great Crisis of 1929-1933 on the world economy
Intensifying various contradictions in capitalist society
The United States, Britain, France and other countries have strengthened state intervention in the economy
Germany, Italy and Japan embark on the path of fascism
United States-Roosevelt New Deal
The international economic order has been seriously damaged
(4) The world economy after World War II
The establishment of U.S. economic hegemony and the bipolar pattern
The establishment of U.S. economic hegemony in the early post-World War II period
The formation of a bipolar pattern
The United States versus Western Europe: The “Marshall Plan”
United States vs. Japan: “The Dodge Route”
The United States towards Asia, Africa and Latin America: “Point 4”
United States vs. Socialist Countries: Export Control Act
New changes in developed capitalist countries and their deep-seated contradictions
Economic development of developed capitalist countries
economic recovery period
From the end of World War II to the early 1950s
“Stagflation” and subsequent periods of slow growth
"Production stagnated, unemployment increased, and prices skyrocketed."
“New Economy” and the subsequent period of economic adjustment
1991-2001, sustained economic growth in the United States
The international financial crisis and subsequent economic recovery period
Developed capitalist countries led by the United States adopt "quantitative easing" monetary policies
Alleviating the impact and spread of the crisis to a certain extent
New changes in developed capitalist countries
Changes in ownership of means of production
In the early stages of capitalist development, individual capital ownership
private equity capital ownership
After World War II, state capital ownership
legal person capital ownership
Changes in labor relations and distribution relations
Employee participation in decision-making
Establish a social welfare system
To a certain extent, it alleviates social conflicts, expands consumer demand, and stimulates economic growth.
Changes in social class and class structure
The status and role of capitalists have undergone tremendous changes
Senior professional managers become the actual controllers of the business activities of large companies
The number of knowledge-based and service-based workers continues to increase
Changes in economic regulation mechanisms
State regulation of the economy
Regulate microeconomic activities
Regulating macroeconomic operations
The deep-seated contradictions faced by developed capitalist countries
Exacerbation of structural economic imbalances
Energy poses serious constraints on capitalist economies
The decline of traditional industrial sectors and the “hollowing out” of industries
Government deficits in capitalist countries have been expanding year after year
The financial system is seriously out of touch with the real economy
Unemployment remains high
The gap between rich and poor is widening
The disintegration of the colonial system and the formation and development of developing countries
economic policy after independence
Choice of economic system
Countries that choose a socialist political and economic system: developing socialist countries
Countries that choose a capitalist political and economic system: nationalist developing countries
The choice of most countries
Eliminate foreign economic control of the country
Nationalizing foreign capital is the most influential measure
Other measures: take back customs rights and currency issuance rights, take over the property of the former colonial government, abolish leasehold land and mining rights of foreign capital, etc.
Implement land system reform
economic success
Rapid development and enhanced economic strength
The proportion of agriculture has decreased, the proportion of industry has increased, and the abnormal economic structure has improved.
Its proportion in the world economy has increased, and its scientific and technological level has continued to improve.
the problem we are facing
debt problem
Fund shortage is an important bottleneck factor restricting the economic development of developing countries.
The economic achievements and development twists and turns of socialist countries
The historical significance of the victory of socialism in many countries
ushered in an era of coexistence of socialism and capitalism
established a new social system
Provides institutional guarantee for liberating and developing productive forces
An important force in promoting national independence and safeguarding world peace
Achievements
Economic growth rate is higher than that of developed capitalist countries
Significant changes have taken place in the economic structure
Scientific education, culture and sports have developed rapidly, and people's lives have been significantly improved.
Socialism advances through twists and turns and exploration
Reasons for the stagnation of economic development in socialist countries
on the basic economic system
in the economic management system
in economic development strategy
The international division of labor is the basis for the operation of the world economy, and its formation and development are affected by the natural conditions and socioeconomic conditions of each country. As a link connecting the economies of various countries, the world market encompasses global commodity exchange relationships.
"Two gaps": savings and foreign exchange
The most profound and lasting crisis in the history of capitalism
It is the product of the domestic social division of labor in each country developing into the international division of labor, and the result of commodity exchange relations breaking through national and regional boundaries and extending to the entire world. It is an economic category linked to space and geography.
It is the product of the development of social productive forces to a certain stage and the result of the expansion of domestic social division of labor to the international field. That is, the division of labor between the national economies of various countries formed by the social division of labor beyond national boundaries. It is the basis for the formation and development of the world market and the world economy. Foundations and prerequisites
Wondershare EdrawMind
