MindMap Gallery General Psychology 12. Personality
General Psychology Chapter 12: Personality. By understanding the essential characteristics and structure of personality, as well as the factors that influence the formation of personality, we can better understand the diversity and complexity of human behavior.
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12. Personality
general concept of personality
what is personality
essential characteristics
1. Uniqueness
2. Stability
persistence across time
consistency across situations
3. Integration
important indicators of mental health
4.Functionality
structure of personality
1. Temperament
Innate, neither good nor bad
2.Character
manner
Behavior
Evaluative
The core personality differences
frontal cortex of brain
3. Self-regulatory system
(1) Self-awareness
①Self-observation
②Self-evaluation
(2) Self-experience
emotion
(3) Self-control
Behavior
cognitive style
personality theory
1. Trait theory
inter-individual, psychometric
traditional personality trait theory
(1) Allport’s characteristic theory
①Common characteristics
②Personal characteristics
primary characteristics
The most typical and general characteristics of an individual
central feature
constitute individual uniqueness
(5~10 pieces)
secondary characteristics
Performance under special circumstances
(2) Cattell’s personality trait theory
factor analysis
Structural network model of personality traits
①Surface characteristics and root characteristics
②Physical characteristics and environmental characteristics
③Motive traits, ability traits and temperament traits
16 independent root traits
(3) Modern five-factor model (Big Five model)
Focus on the factors that make up personality structure
①Extroversion
② Agreeableness
③Responsibility
④Nervousness or emotional stability
⑤Openness
OCEAN
The most popular, the most active, the most ideal
2.Type theory
intergroup, behavioral observation
(1) Single type theory
Frank Farley
T-shaped personality
Adventurous
nature
①T+ type
Activity characteristics
T+ type physique
Intelligence type T+
②T-type
(2) Opposition type theory
Freeman, Rothman
①A-B personality
Jung
②Introversion-extroversion personality
psychological tendency
extraverted personality
external object
introverted personality
main body
(3) Multiple type theory
①The theory of temperament types
Hippocrates
body fluid theory
slime
yellow bile
black bile
blood
Galen
choleric
Sanguine
Phlegm
Depression
Pavlov
physiological basis of temperament
According to the basic characteristics of neural processes
The intensity of excitatory and inhibitory processes
~Balance
~Flexibility
Divided into four types
②Personality type theory
Spranger
From human values (6)
Economical
theoretical type
Aesthetic type
Power type (political type)
social type
Religious
③Yin Yang and Five Elements Theory
"Nei Jing"
People of Taiyin
Shaoyin people
man of the sun
People from Shaoyang
Yin and Yang peace
3. Integrate theory
Based on the above, a more comprehensive
Eysenck
hierarchical model of personality structure
①Type level (general factor)
②Trait level (group factor)
③Habit response layer (special factor)
④Special reaction layer (error factor)
general factor
Extraversion
neurotic
Psychoticism
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)
cognitive style
cognitive processing style
1.Field independence-field dependence
Witkin
vertical visual perception
The difference lies in the different degree of dependence on the external environment
Hidden Figure or Mosaic Figure Test
2. Impulsiveness-contemplativeness
kagan
The difference lies in the speed of thinking about the problem
Match Familiar Figures Quiz
Ault
Replenish
fast-correct
slow-incorrect
3. Simultaneity-Succession
Das
Left-brain dominance→sequentiality
Right brain dominance → Simultaneity
personality test
1.Self-report scale
(1) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test
Hathaway, McGinley
10 clinical scales
4 validity scales
Pay attention to the subjective feelings of the subjects
(2) Edwards Personal Interest Scale
Edward
Based on Murray’s 15 human needs
15 subscales
forced choice
Two declarative sentences starting with "I"
2. Projective test
inference
Based on Freud’s psychoanalytic personality theory
(1) Rorschach inkblot test
Individual testing
(2) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Murray
earliest
Advantages: Flexibility, wide range
Disadvantages: 3
3. Situational test
observe
(1)Character Education Test
(2) Situational stress test
leaderless group situation test
stress interview
4. Self-concept test
understand, infer
(1) Adjective list method
most convenient
Disadvantages: social desirability
(2) Q classification method
stephenson
(3) WAI method
Kuhn, McClelland
Developed from self-attitude research
20 sentence quiz
Personality causes
1. Biological genetic factors
possibility
twin study
environment
2.Social and cultural factors
3. Family environment factors
4. Early childhood experiences
5. School education factors
crucial role
6. Natural physical factors
reality
7. Self-regulatory factors
Internal determinants of personality development