Psychological activities are manifested in three aspects: cognition, emotion and behavior. Mental health accordingly establishes evaluation indicators from these three aspects to consider the stability, harmony, enthusiasm and adjustment of psychological activities.

The relativity of social and cultural environment

The division between mental health and psychological abnormality is not relative. There is no strict boundary between the two, there is only a difference in degree.

Mental health standards vary for different individuals

Low-level criteria are mainly used to determine whether there is a mental illness

High-level standards are mainly used to judge whether one can fully realize one's potential.

Neurosis characterized by anxiety reactions inappropriate to objective threat

psychology

body

main performance

cause

Use relaxation training, systematic desensitization and other methods

Use self-help cognitive remediation procedures to guide students to use positive self-talk

Exercise students’ character and improve their ability to resist setbacks

Neurosis characterized by irrational fear of specific, non-actually harmful things and scenes

object phobia

agoraphobia

Social phobia

School phobia (a special type of phobia)

Systematic desensitization

Help students improve their interpersonal relationships, create a relaxed and free atmosphere, and appropriately reduce students' stress

Neurosis characterized by a persistent state of depressed mood

Negative mood, sadness, decadence, indifference, loss of satisfaction and joy of life

Negative cognitive tendencies, low self-esteem, feelings of incompetence, looking at things from a negative perspective, excessive self-blame, and no hope for the future

Lack of motivation, passivity, lack of enthusiasm

Physical fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, etc.

Provide emotional support and encouragement to students with depression, encourage them to do things within their capabilities, enable them to take active actions, and experience success and the joy of interpersonal communication from activities

Use cognitive behavioral therapy to change students' habitual self-deprecating thinking patterns and inappropriate attribution patterns of success and failure, and develop students' more positive views on themselves and the future.

Neurosis characterized by obsessive-compulsive symptoms

Obsessions

compulsive behavior

Morita therapy: Emphasizes that the client should give up the intention of controlling obsessive thoughts and adopt an attitude of "let nature take its course and do what is appropriate" to treat obsessive-compulsive symptoms

Behavioral therapy: "Exposure and response prevention" is an effective method for treating obsessive-compulsive behavior

Help students build confidence, guide them to participate in more activities, and guide them to adopt methods such as thinking suspension or continuous addition of self-control behaviors to treat obsessive-compulsive symptoms

A state of obsession resulting from excessive or inappropriate use of the Internet that makes it difficult to resist using the Internet again.

Spending a lot of time online without restraint, and must increase the time online to gain satisfaction

Feeling empty and lost when unable to access the Internet

Reluctance to communicate with others, spending little time participating in social activities and interacting with others, worsening of interpersonal relationships, and academic failure

Often accompanied by physical symptoms, such as dizziness, chest tightness, shortness of breath, upset, nervous excitement, laziness, etc.

Understand the causes of students’ Internet addiction, help students understand their inner needs and existing irrational beliefs, guide students to channel, vent, and adjust negative emotions, and encourage students to re-establish their self-confidence in real life.

appropriate behavioral therapy

Empathy

countertransference

Whenever a student exhibits the expected psychological and target behavior, rewards should be adopted to confirm it immediately

Use token-like prizes as reinforcers to reinforce good behavior (such as little red stars, stamps, etc.)

Imitation of examples is an important way for students to learn social behavior

ignore

Present an aversive stimulus or withdraw a pleasant stimulus

Perform self-analysis, self-monitoring, self-reinforcement and self-punishment

Modifies muscle tension and modulates emotional responses by reducing the soreness of muscle tension

Establish an anxiety level and gradually overcome anxiety and fear

Assertiveness training promotes individuals to express their emotions in the group and affirm themselves

A: Inciting event

B: Beliefs generated after encountering inducing events

C:result

Absolute requirements

overgeneralization

Very bad

Irritants that cause physical and mental stress to an individual by directly stimulating the human body

Nervous messages from people's heads

Refers to situations, events or changes that cause changes in an individual's lifestyle and require the individual to adjust and adapt. Social stressors include both changes in individual life and important events in social life.

Refers to cultural issues that require people to adapt and cope with

Dealing with distress

Reduce discomfort

reduce tension

Treat stress as a problem to be solved and solve it step by step

Shift your attention appropriately and then reevaluate the stressful situation

Seek support from friends and parents

Divert your emotions and energy into beneficial activities

Add to oneself the qualities that others have that make one feel envoyed, or regard oneself as one with the person one admires, in order to improve one's confidence, prestige, and status, thereby alleviating frustration.

Reduce psychological discomfort by replacing it with another daily goal or compensating for it with another activity

Individuals unconsciously use seemingly reasonable understandings to justify unacceptable emotions, behaviors, and motivations so that they can be accepted

When an individual encounters setbacks, is in a difficult situation, or becomes increasingly embarrassed, he or she uses wit, puns, satire, self-deprecating language, or benign stimulation through actions to resolve the difficulty or embarrassment in order to get rid of the inner imbalance.

Achieve the purpose of psychological defense through the method of saving people

Taking anger out on people/things

infantilization

refuse to admit

Re-understanding and evaluation of frustration situations