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MindMap Gallery Management Chapter 4 Environmental Analysis and Rational Decision-making

Management Chapter 4 Environmental Analysis and Rational Decision-making

Are you still worried about sorting out university management knowledge points and homework? The mind map here can help you! It’s full of useful information, interested friends can refer to it!

Edited at 2024-01-28 19:27:02

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Management Chapter 4 Environmental Analysis and Rational Decision-making

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Outline

Management Chapter 3 Decision-making and decision-making process
- 110
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Chapter 4 Environmental Analysis and Rational Decision-making

Section 1 Internal Environmental Elements of the Organization

1. Main factors affecting decision-making

1.Environmental classification

A general or macro environment: a economic environment b technological environment c social environment d political and legal environment e natural resource environment

B. specific or microenvironment

a customer b supplier c competitor d regulatory agency e strategic alliance partner

C. Internal environment of the organization

a material environment b cultural environment

D The relationship between various levels of the environment

The internal environment is those factors that influence the organization The most frequent and direct environment factors can also be considered as within the organization Internal environmental factors are part of the organization, which directly affect the organization's Day-to-day operations, survival and growth.

2. Commonly used methods of environmental analysis

(1) General environmental analysis method PEST: political and legal economic environment social and cultural technological environment

(2) Specific environment analysis method Five forces model: analysis of potential entrants Substitute products Bargaining strength of buyers and sellers Industry competitors

(3) Internal environment comprehensive analysis method SWOT: Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

(4) Analysis method for environmental changes

Section 2 Rational decision-making and irrational decision-making

1. Decision-making model

(1) Classical decision-making model. perfect rationality assumption Master all information, eliminate uncertainty, and logically and rationally evaluate various methods of decision-making. make optimal decisions

(2) Behavioral decision-making model. bounded rationality assumption Using insufficient and incomplete information to pursue "satisfaction" under the constraints of bounded rationality Choose a satisfactory solution

(3) Political decision-making model. irrational decision making Build alliances, gather information through mutual communication, and reach consensus through debate and bargaining. reach a compromise

2. Decision-making methods

(1) Decision-making background research methods

A Analysis of the nature of the decision-making background aInstabilitybintegrity and comprehensivenesscComplexitydturbulence

(2) Uncertainty model of decision-making background

(3) Analysis steps of decision-making background: clarify the decision-making topic, propose hypotheses, collect data, organize data, trend prediction and evaluation

programmed decision making policy rules and regulations adaptive decision-making approach Progressive empirical creative decision-making methods Brainstorming divergent thinking program

collective decision making approach Brainstorming, Delphi technique, nominal group method, electronic meetings

Quantitative decision-making methods Deterministic decision-making method, risk-based decision-making method, uncertain decision-making method, linear programming method, cost-quantity analysis method, expected value method, decision tree method

Uncertain decision-making If some of the conditions involved in a decision-making problem are unknown, and for some random variables, even their probability distributions are not known, this type of decision-making problem is called uncertain decision-making.

1.Brainstorming Basic idea Think freely and freely, speak your mind without restraint rule : Criticism is not allowed. No matter how absurd, bizarre, or unreasonable the speech is, no one is allowed to post critical opinions. The more the merrier, encourage participants to express their ideas, the more solutions the better. Supplements are allowed. The speaker can make supplements based on other ideas. Supplement and improve to form new ideas and plans. The brainstorming method was first proposed by American creative engineer Osborne in 1939. The time arrangement is generally 1-2 hours, and the number of participants is 5-6

2. Delphi method The Delphi method uses correspondence to solicit opinions from experts, relying on experts to express their opinions back to back. The management team conducts statistical processing and information feedback on the opinions of experts. After several rounds of cycles, the scattered opinions are gradually unified. , and finally achieve higher prediction accuracy. The disadvantages of this method are that it takes longer and is more expensive.

3. Decision tree method One of the commonly used methods that is representative and practical is a decision-making method that uses tree graphics to assist in the calculation and comparison of expected benefits of individual plans. It can be applied to both single-level decision-making and multi-level decision-making.