Management Chapter 3 Decision-making and decision-making process

Including decision-making and tasks, Types and Characteristics of Decisions, By sorting out knowledge points such as the decision-making process and influencing factors, you can better understand, memorize and recite!

Edited at 2024-01-28 19:25:08

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Management Chapter 3 Decision-making and decision-making process

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Management Chapter 4 Environmental Analysis and Rational Decision-making
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Chapter 3 Decision-making and decision-making process

Section 1 Decision-making and tasks

1. Concepts and elements of decision-making

1. The meaning of decision-making: The meaning of decision-making Narrow sense: It is a kind of behavior, which is to choose among several courses of action. Broadly speaking: It is a process that includes all activities that must be carried out before making the final choice. Ma Engineering Textbook Definition: In order to achieve a certain goal, the analysis and judgment process of selecting a plan among multiple alternatives

2. The essence of decision-making: Decision-making is an analysis and judgment process of selecting a satisfactory solution from thousands of feasible solutions in order to achieve a certain purpose.

Premise: purpose, conditions: several feasible solutions, focus: selection, result: satisfactory solution, essence: analysis and judgment.

3. The principle of decision-making: the principle of satisfaction rather than the principle of optimality It is impossible for decision makers to obtain all the information related to decision-making. Due to the limited information, decision makers cannot formulate all relevant issues. plan; Since people’s understanding of the objective world is limited, it is impossible to predict the future implementation results of each plan.

2. Decision-making functions and tasks decision making function At the organizational level, establish clear methods for the organization. At the individual level, stimulate the enthusiasm of organizational members. decision-making tasks The external environment perspective allows organizations to flexibly adapt to changes in the external environment. From the perspective of internal environment, adjust and optimize the organizational management system

Section 2 Types and Characteristics of Decision-making

1. Classification of decision-making

2. Classification according to decision-making problems

2. Characteristics of decision-making:

1. Objective: The goal reflects the results that the organization expects to obtain. 2. Feasibility: The goal reflects the results that the organization expects to obtain. 3. Dynamic: From the perspective of contingency theory, there is no universally applicable, best Management theories and methods, everything should depend on the established situation at the time 4. Holistic: - Decision-making involves all members of the organization The content of decision-making must take into account all aspects of the organization. 5. Creativity: Creative thinking requires the use of decision-making organizational methods such as brainstorming and brainstorming.

Goals reflect the results the organization expects to achieve.

Section 3 Decision-making Process and Influencing Factors

1. The importance of decision-making Decision-making runs throughout the management process Whether the decision is correct or not is directly related to the survival and development of the organization. Decision-making ability is an important indicator of the level of managers. Simon: Management is decision-making (decision-making is the core of management

2. Decision-making process model

1. Identify the problem: Identify deviations from current status quo and expected results Identifying the problem is the beginning of the decision-making process If the problem is not properly identified, the decisions made will not help solve the real problem

2. Diagnose the cause Diagnose the cause of the problem so that you can consider what measures to take and which course of action to choose You can discover the cause of the problem by asking tentative questions.

Diagnose the cause

Diagnose the cause of the problem so that you can consider what measures to take and which course of action to choose

You can discover the cause of the problem by asking tentative questions.

3. Determine goals Handle the relationship between multiple goals Decision-making goals must be clear and specific Goals must have clear constraints Decision-making goals should be quantified

4. Develop alternatives Choose the quickest and easiest way to solve problems whenever possible... Obtain multiple feasible solutions under constraints Predict the potential outcomes of each option Avoid discontinuing your search due to a subjective preference to accept the first available option Use of innovative factors

4. Evaluate options Whether the conditions required for the implementation of the plan are met and whether the plan is feasible Whether the problem can be solved satisfactorily (valid Can the plan be implemented, will it bring benefits to the company, and what impact will it have? (Results

5.Implementation and supervision Implementation of decisions is more important than evaluation and selection of action plans. Decision-making work is not only about formulating plans, but also about transforming them into actual actions. Develop monitoring indicators that can measure the progress of the plan to supervise the implementation of decisions Correction result or original target

Summarize Decision-making premise: There must be a clear purpose Decision-making conditions: There are several feasible alternatives Decision-making process: Analyze and compare options Decision result: Choose a satisfactory solution The essence of decision-making: it is a subjective judgment process

2. Factors influencing decision-making

1. Environment 2. History of the organization 3. Characteristics of the decision-maker 4. Organizational culture

3. Criteria for decision-making

(1) Criteria for improving decision-making efficiency and effectiveness

1. Principle of importance 2. Principle of accuracy 3. Principle of flexibility

(2) Criteria for selecting decision-making options under uncertainty

1. Optimism criterion 2, pessimism criterion 3, equal probability criterion 4, minimum regret criterion