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Notes on Minimalist Learning Method
I deeply understand that my learning methods are not essential. I am just pretending to be diligent and not spending my time on key things. The fixed thinking formed over decades cannot be expected to change overnight.
Edited at 2022-09-03 17:46:12
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Notes on Minimalist Learning Method
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Notes on "Minimalist Learning Method"
"Minimalist Learning Method" Notes
Three major advantages of minimalist learning method
1. Minimalist
Only three steps of input, digestion and output are required
Input: Enter the knowledge you want to learn.
Digestion: Figure out and understand what you want to learn.
Output: Put the learned knowledge and skills to use.
2. Pursue accuracy and don’t work hard if you don’t do it.
Don’t study blindly, haphazardly, or without clear purpose;
Every action of learning directly leads to the realization of results.
Develop the habit of “backward thinking”
Before studying, first clarify your learning goals and the final results you want to achieve.
Based on this result, we can "backwards" what we should do, what we should learn, and how we should learn.
Learn whatever you want to use, whatever you get, and don't do any useless work.
3. Get to the essence
the nature of learning
input, digestion, output
As long as you master these three steps, you can apply it to any learning of knowledge and skills.
input from essence
In the input process, the minimalist learning method advocates choosing the most essential things to learn.
Digest from the root
In the digestion process, it is also emphasized that in the process of understanding, we must explore the essence and not just understand the surface;
Only by understanding from the root can we truly understand.
Multiple output, one pass, all pass
Once you learn something, learn to apply it to more areas.
McKinsey’s “MECE” principles
Full English name: Mutually Exclusive Collectively Exhaustive
Chinese means "mutually independent, completely exhaustive"
For a major issue, it is necessary to classify it without overlapping or omitting
Three steps of minimalist learning method
Accurate input
How to input accurately?
Only learn the part of knowledge that can directly affect the final result, start with the end in mind, and go straight to the result. This is the underlying guarantee for efficient learning.
backward thinking
Be goal-oriented and work backwards. This requires you to first think clearly about what your goal is, and then work forward step by step from the final goal to the path to goal realization. These paths to realization are what you need to do step by step.
The entire backward thinking process: Goal-oriented, work backwards step by step, break down big goals into small goals, and then break them down into your specific actions
Backward thinking is goal-oriented thinking.
Thinking backwards is actually drawing a straight line between two points. Specifically, four steps:
First, imagine the end result.
Second, work backwards from the results to the implementation process.
Third, break it down into achievable tasks.
Fourth, keep an eye on the goals and implement them scientifically.
How to "learn accurately"
1. Change consciousness: you must study with a truly effective purpose
2. Establish goals: deduce the implementation process and formulate achievable goals
"Deliberate Practice" talks about the essence of doing something well:
set a goal
Make a plan
Concrete the plan into executable tasks every day
Execute and provide timely feedback
"SMART Rule"
A tool for setting reasonable goals
Let you set clear goals more scientifically and rationally
Specifically, it includes five principles:
S: Specific
The first principle of setting goals means that the goals should be clear and specific, rather than vague and general.
Know exactly what the goal is to be achieved.
If the goals set cannot be measured, it is impossible to judge whether the goals have been achieved.
On the other hand, if the goal you set has basically no possibility of being achieved in reality, then such a goal is meaningless.
If this goal is achieved, but it does not promote the realization of other goals, or the correlation is very low, then even if this goal is achieved, it will not be of great significance.
Many people say that deadlines are the primary productive force, and this is the powerful role of time limits.
3. Scientific execution: keep a close eye on goals and reject excuses
Choose the right one: The best learning materials are those that suit you
1. Examination-based learning: Textbooks and syllabus are the best learning materials
1. The syllabus is the criterion for everything
The "accurate input" of the minimalist learning method is applied to exam-based learning in one sentence: learn whatever you test, and don't do useless work.
2. How to thoroughly understand the teaching materials? There are four keywords: thorough, complete, string, and multiple
Transparent: understand clearly and know why
To thoroughly understand the textbook, the first habit you need to develop is to thoroughly understand all the knowledge points in the book.
The formulas must be derived by oneself, and the logic behind the theorems must be understood. Only in this way, and understand it from the fundamentals, can you truly use it flexibly
Complete: Leave no doubt, the particles will be returned to the warehouse.
Master everything without leaving any doubts.
String: form a system and string together knowledge
How to master the system?
If you want to master the knowledge of a textbook, you must connect all the knowledge points together. In this way, you do not master the knowledge points one by one, but form a system so that the knowledge becomes connected. Able to master it at a higher level.
The simplest method is to "read the directory".
More: Repeatedly, again and again.
Classics are worth reading over and over again. Each time you read them, you will have a different feeling.
2. Continuous learning: sticking to the end is more important than choosing anything
How to choose suitable learning materials?
1. Studying the materials is not the first priority, learning to the end is the first priority
2. If you still have to choose, how should you choose?
First, look at the brand.
old brand
famous brand
Emerging brands
Second, look at word of mouth.
Ask people in the circle
Read word-of-mouth posts
Third, try it yourself.
3. Pursuit of essence: learn from the root, metacognition points directly to the cornerstone
The minimalist learning method has a core principle, which is "essential thinking".
Learning must grasp the essence and learn from the roots. This kind of learning is minimalist and efficient.
Financial writer Ou Sheng: "Behind any complex thing, there are concise rules that can be explained in one sentence or a few sentences. These rules are the essence."
From an application perspective, there are three common approaches.
1. Look at the cornerstone works to help you quickly grasp the essence
There are usually three types of cornerstone works.
First, most of these cornerstone works are books.
For example, if you want to study economics, you can directly read "Principles of Economics" by Mankiw; if you want to study marketing, you can read "Marketing Management" by Philip Kotler, the "Godfather of Marketing"; if you want to study management, the best It is best to read "The Effective Manager" by management guru Peter Drucker.
2. Learn key methodologies, "5 hours of theory" is more important than "10,000 hours of theory"
"5 hours theory"
Just by spending 5 hours, we can learn anything (except complex and sophisticated skills). Although we cannot become experts, it is enough.
The core method is just 6 words: learn the key methodology.
3. Understand 100 keywords: How McKinsey consultants quickly master an industry
Feng Tang shared McKinsey's important special skills in the book "Feng Tang's Ways of Success": a method to quickly master an industry in a short period of time. This method is also a systematic way to learn new knowledge. Its core content is as follows
Learn well: input new knowledge and make "sandwich cake"
1. Preview before learning: the key is to grasp the degree
The purpose of previewing is to prepare for formal learning so that we can understand the new knowledge we need to learn during formal learning.
Taking students’ pre-class preview as an example, there are three core points of preview
Point 1: The knowledge is interrelated, and the preview effect will be better after review.
Under normal circumstances, it is best to preview the night before class, especially after the day's review or homework is completed.
Point 2: Don’t become “advanced learning”, just mark the difficult points.
Point 3: Overall preview during the winter and summer vacations, the key way to surpass your academic masters.
This is a good way for you to become a top student and surpass one.
Pre-study can give you a psychological advantage that will translate into confidence and help you outperform other students.
2. There is a purpose in learning: grasp the purpose and pay attention to the doubt points
purpose of listening
Understand what the teacher teaches in class.
Method 1: Focus on what you didn’t understand during the preview.
Method 2: Pay attention to the beginning and the end, and follow the teacher through the knowledge chain again.
Method 3: If you don’t understand anything in class, ask immediately. Try your best to learn new knowledge.
3. Review after learning, the most easily forgotten step
Before doing homework, review what you learned that day.
Any new knowledge learning is a three-step sandwich-style process of "preview, study, and review".
The “sandwich learning method” for learning new knowledge
Preview first, then study formally, and finally review
Input needs to be followed by output (exercise)
Step 1: Before learning, preview to reduce the difficulty of formal learning. During the preview process, mark the doubt points so that you can focus on them during formal learning.
Step 2: When studying formally, regardless of whether you are following others in class or studying on your own, this step is to have a clear purpose and understand everything you don't understand. This is the key to everything.
Step 3: After you finish studying, remember to review in time, so that the effect will be better. On the one hand, it will eliminate "false understanding", on the other hand, it will prevent forgetting and deepen understanding.
deep digestion
Mental preparation: either have insensitivity or be unconditionally confident
The core is to allow yourself to naturally complete the entire process of thoroughly understanding knowledge and remove all possible obstacles.
Possessing insensitivity
Japanese writer Junichi Watanabe's "Insensitive Power": "Insensitive Power" can be literally translated as "dull power",
That is to face the setbacks and pains in life calmly and move firmly in one's own direction. It is "the means and wisdom to win a better life."
In the process of deep digestion, you might as well be a "big-hearted person" and have a more indifferent attitude
"Others do the same thing"
When you are dissatisfied with your performance and feel frustrated, you tell yourself "I am not a god, others are the same". In this way, your mentality will instantly improve, let yourself go, and forgive yourself.
If you want the effect to be more obvious, you can also use the enhanced version, which adds specific examples and imagines real scenes, which will be more effective.
When difficulties and failures in the learning process cannot affect your mood and state, you will become free of distractions. At this time, you have only one purpose in your heart, which is to learn what you need to learn.
Have unconditional confidence in yourself
Get rid of the "fear of difficulties" and you can learn everything
You can learn any knowledge and learn anything, you have to believe this from the bottom of your heart.
Start by believing, forget about the difficulties in front of you, and throw away your fear of difficulties. Please believe in yourself unconditionally:
You can learn everything! Start by being brave, keep at it, and you can do it!
Accurate self-examination: Please be extremely honest and find loopholes in three ways
How to find out what you don’t understand?
The first aspect is that you must have the right mentality
The second aspect is that you have to have the right method.
Three methods of accurate self-examination, there is no way to escape the loopholes
1. Source self-check: self-check with checklist
Have you learned everything you need to learn?
Follow the learning checklist
Suitable for studying for exams with clear catalog or scope
2. Result self-check: self-check according to the output
(1) Analyze examination papers
First, identify the weak sections.
Second, identify weak details.
Third, find out the reasons for losing points.
The first question: Have I really understood all the knowledge points?
Second question: Can I use this knowledge point to solve problems?
Question 3: What went wrong during my exam?
careless exam
(2) Analyze works
3. Others help test
(1) Find an expert
(2) Find students
The method is "teaching", use the knowledge you have learned to teach others
Really win: do these three points and you will be able to thoroughly understand everything
1. The critical start: within 72 hours, start where you can.
1. It doesn’t matter where you start, the beginning itself is important
A good start is half the battle. "Have the courage to start, and you will have a chance to succeed."
2. You must act within 72 hours, otherwise it may never start
The best-selling financial management book "Puppy Money" talks about the "72-hour rule" for doing things.
"When you decide to do something, you must actually take action within 72 hours, otherwise you will probably never do it again."
3. Apply the known to the unknown. This is the easiest way to start.
2. Overcome difficulties: focus deeply and attack one at a time
How to change "passive learning" into "active learning"?
1. Actively explore rather than passively accept
Deeply focused learning requires you to be very clear about the purpose of learning.
2. Calm down and eliminate all distractions
Physical isolation: being separated from the source of interference in time and space.
Isolate trivial tasks: For those trivial tasks that affect your energy but must be done, either let others do it for you, or you simply ignore it.
For example, if you are worried that your mobile phone will interfere with you, just put the mobile phone far away from you.
3. Concentrate your efforts and solve one problem at a time
3. Use external forces: let foreign aid play a real role
1.When do you need to rely on external force?
In the first case, the learning effect is relatively poor and cannot keep up with the pace of learning.
In the second case, you study hard but never make a breakthrough.
One possibility is that your current learning method is no longer suitable for what you are learning.
Another possibility is that your learning ability and cognitive ability have reached the limit, and the new knowledge has exceeded your ability and cognitive scope.
The third situation is to suddenly improve scores before the exam and scientifically achieve "cramming".
In the fourth case, if you want the learning effect to be better than that of ordinary people, you need to increase the intensity.
"Dimension raising and then dimensionality reduction" learning method:
2. Two steps for selecting foreign aid
First, clarify the purpose of borrowing external forces. No matter what you do, the clearer the purpose, the more accurate the execution will be.
Second, choose the “right external force” scientifically.
3. The biggest role of making good use of external forces may not be to teach you lessons.
In the process of your learning, we will answer your questions and provide feedback on your learning, so that the comprehensive effect will be better.
Multiple output
Four layers of output, truly putting knowledge to use
The first level is expressive output, that is, speaking out the knowledge learned and telling it to others.
The Feynman learning method is to learn any knowledge. If you can use your own simple words without jargon and explain it to ordinary people, and they can both understand and understand it, then it proves that you have truly understood the knowledge. .
Expression output, three applications of Feynman learning method
1. Tell others
First, the person you are explaining to does not understand the knowledge, or does not understand it thoroughly.
Second, the person you are explaining to should give you feedback so that you can accurately judge yourself through its feedback.
Third, learn again based on feedback and simplify your expression.
2. Tell yourself
First, talk to yourself, ask and answer questions to yourself.
Second, speak to yourself first, and then listen to yourself.
3. Write to yourself
The second level is problem-solving output, that is, using the learned knowledge to solve the problem. That is, "brushing questions"
Effectively answering questions is a process of constantly breaking through the comfort zone
Two very bad but very common habits of writing questions
The first habit is to only answer the questions you know.
The second habit is to grind hard problems.
You have to continue to test outside the boundaries of your abilities and improve yourself little by little. Always answer questions that you can "jump up to" and can do with hard work, and force yourself to improve.
Special topic brushing, a once-and-for-all method of brushing up questions
1. Why do we need to solve special topics? Why can it be done once and for all?
The core approach is to focus on a certain type of questions or a certain type of knowledge section for a period of time.
2. Solve special topics and master the four golden steps
The first step is to review knowledge.
It is to understand the knowledge first and then start to answer the questions, instead of starting when you have only a little knowledge.
The second step is to review the questions for the first time.
The core purpose is to solve problems directly based on known knowledge.
The third step is to summarize the rules.
An important purpose of conducting special topic brushing is to find common problem-solving methods and problem-solving ideas in this type of questions.
Summarize these rules, and you will find the master key to solving this type of problem.
The third level is exam output.
To get high scores you need to do two things
First, have the thinking of the question maker
1. What is the question maker’s thinking?
In essence, it is "putting yourself in someone else's shoes", imagining yourself as the person who asked the question, and imagining what the person who asked the question was thinking when they asked the question, and what they really want to test.
2. How to train the question maker’s thinking
(1) Study real questions: Find patterns from real questions
(2) Develop a habit: Ask yourself more about what knowledge points you want to test in this question
Second, there are strong scoring skills:
Reference answer learning method
Where should I go to find the standard answer?
2. Learn the three keys and four steps of reference answers
(1) Three keys: answer structure, score points, and subject terminology
Answer structure: It is the skeleton of the answer, the structure that connects the entire answer. This is the first thing to learn.
Scoring points: The exam is basically based on scoring points, and the points correspond to "scoring keywords" and key steps.
Subject terminology: Your answer should be in line with the characteristics of the subject and make people feel that you "know it very well".
3. Summarize the answer template and secure high scores
The fourth level is to use knowledge to do things, that is, to use the knowledge learned to solve problems in the real world and to truly use the knowledge. This is the ultimate goal of our learning.
"Principle of 33"
Use it at least 3 times
If you want to really use it, you need to apply it immediately after learning the knowledge, and you must use it "at least 3 times." The more times you use it, the better the effect will naturally be.
learn by analogy
"Deliberate Practice"
Three key points: goals, breakthroughs, and feedback.
First determine the goals you want to achieve through practice, continue to break through the boundaries of your abilities during practice, and have a mentor or coach give you feedback on your performance, improve step by step, and finally achieve your goals.
How to operate
1. Targeted practice
First of all, you must have a clear practice goal, that is, what kind of result you want to achieve during practice.
Establishing clear goals can effectively guide your practice and help you break down your practice steps step by step so that your practice can be implemented and finally realized.
2. Breaking through the boundaries of capabilities bit by bit
You need to break down your current ultimate goal into small goals, and then step by step break through the boundaries of your capabilities, achieve small goals, and finally achieve the final goal.
In this deliberate practice of improving yourself step by step, you will become more and more confident in achieving your ultimate goal because of your continuous achievements.
3. Feedback should be given during practice
, you will find that deliberate practice means entering into a cycle of "breakthrough → practice → feedback → improvement → practice", constantly improving yourself, and finally becoming proficient in one thing.
Three good helpers for minimalist learning
Fall in love with learning in three steps and gain endless motivation
The first step: push back the dream and awaken the desire in your heart.
If you have a strong desire to achieve your dreams, you will work harder on your studies.
Step 2: Visualize your dreams to make your motivation more reliable.
Psychological research shows that people are more afraid of losing than gaining. When you have seen and experienced it yourself, you will have a feeling of "already have it". Because you don't want to lose this sense of ownership, you want it even more. Of course, when you want something, you are more motivated.
Step 3: Reward yourself. The more you learn, the more motivated you will be.
It can be found from the outside world.
You can reward yourself
Don’t be obsessed with self-discipline, habits are actually more important
How can you stick to something?
Just meet one requirement: getting more than you give.
That is: get - pay > 0.
Improve "get".
We can apply the knowledge we learn to different fields by drawing inferences from one example. These are all ways to increase "getting";
We can also use the "falling in love with learning" mentioned earlier, because when we do something we love, we will definitely be satisfied and happy, and we are also improving our "getting".
Reduce effort
One is to reduce learning time. We use the minimalist learning method in this book to spend less time to obtain better learning results, which means reducing effort and increasing gain.
Another is to reduce the self-control consumed in the learning process. How can we reduce the amount of self-control expended? The best way is to "make it a habit".
Develop our learning process into a habit.
Fixed study time: Try to fix your study time, start studying at this time, and make it a part of your life.
Fixed learning methods: During the learning process, you should also try to develop habits.
Fixed study place:
Core purpose: To be able to devote all our energy to learning itself, make all matters that assist learning itself in the learning process a habit, and minimize the consumption of our energy.
Get rid of procrastination, it only takes three seconds
1. Accept that “everyone procrastinates”
Stop worrying and accept procrastination.
Avoid internal friction
2. Let’s start: a small three-second ceremony
Now, say 1, 2, and 3 silently to yourself, or you can say it out loud. After that, you start your study immediately and do what you should do. This is a three-second ritual for yourself.
3. Keep doing it: just do it for two minutes first
4. Do the hard things first: higher ranks eliminate procrastination
Change the order of things and delay gratification.
Delaying gratification means not coveting temporary comfort and resetting the order of happiness and pain in life:
First, face the problem and feel the pain; second, solve the problem and enjoy the happiness. This is the simple and easy way to live.
Procrastination in lower ranks can be solved by following the method of "accept, start in three seconds, and start in two minutes";
As for high-level procrastination, that is, procrastination in the process, you only need to change the order of learning and doing things to easily solve it.