adjective

Can the ends justify the means?

Is it true that only punishment and the fear of punishment can stop us from doing the wrong thing?

Are the needs of society greater than the needs of individuals?

Should economic resources be controlled individually or collectively?

Are results what matters?

These rules can usually be found in a holy book

Accepting these rules means believing both in the existence of the Divine and in the writing of the Holy Scriptures by those who accurately recorded the Word

A person does the right thing because reason determines it is right

It can also be considered that this view is based on a belief

The system you rely on to make big choices

Usually also refers to what an individual understands as correct behavior

a system of moral beliefs

The virtues expected by society are only an appearance, the result of the pressures exerted on each individual, not the product of the human ability to determine right and wrong through reason

Moral behavior is done for oneself

A rational man lives by the law, even if the law harms him

Citizens’ rationality will produce laws that are fair, just, and of good quality

To be wise and kind is to do good

The most important thing is not life, but a good life

Whether such a person ever existed or could exist is a question that has long been debated.

Who is to judge whether someone is qualified to be the Philosopher King?

"On the Duty of Civil Disobedience"

"Walden"

"On Self-Reliance"

"If I were the devil's child, then I would live according to the devil's instructions."

Apart from refusing to pay the poll tax, there was no other act of resistance to the government.

Strong individualism is limited to paper

They are embedded in a movement that swept the entire 19th century

In addition to government, another area where ethics frequently appears is economics

For nearly three centuries, economic thinkers have tried to find a moral system that encompasses the accumulation of wealth.

Entering the 21st century, society has seen the most serious uneven distribution of wealth in the past century.

A perfect society is one in which everyone is free to pursue his or her own interests

Observed that economic welfare is the guiding force in human life

"Invisible Hand"

In the real world, the laws of supply and demand may fail

Ideal self-regulating markets do not exist

"The Virtue of Selfishness"

Capitalism is essentially a religion

Advocates total reliance on the free market

"The Prince"

It is a continuation of earlier ideas

Enlightened self-interest

"Leviathan"

Received a profound influence from the rational philosophy of the 17th century

Strict authoritarian control is necessary

Egoism is the natural state of human nature and denies the existence of the so-called lofty purpose

Both advocate non-democratic government as the only way to prevent self-interest from destroying society.

"A small suggestion"

French phrases

Basic Economic Policies of Adam Smith's Philosophy

an economic system

Based on the philosophy of Adam Smith

Derived from Machiavelli's theory of government

Now it has become a derogatory term

Emerged with the rise of individualism during the Renaissance

Jeremy Bentham

John Stuart Mill

"Angry Musician"

Summary

moral imperative

The operation of the absolute imperative

Auguste Comte

John Donne

Peter Singer

The quality of acting with concern for the interests of others rather than one's own

Here in Kant

In Kant's philosophy

an inner principle that compels an individual to act

According to Kant, this understanding is governed solely by reason

a moral philosophy

core

Bentham proposed

The world was not created for people to do whatever they want

Man has obligations, both to a personal God and to the moral order that governs the universe

Everything people do must be responsible for themselves, others, and the earth.

You shall not worship any god other than the LORD

Do not make idols or worship idols

Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord in vain

Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy

Should honor parents

Thou shalt not kill

Thou shalt not commit adultery

Thou shalt not steal

Thou shalt not bear false witness

Don't be greedy

"Divine Comedy"

"Paradise Lost"

Believe that art should be sincere and "contagious" that inspires a sense of morality

"Olympia"

"The Scarlet Letter"

"Ulysses"

Pablo Picasso

oliver stone

"The Hurt Locker"

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Beethoven

Maurice Ravel

As people are exposed to different cultural practices and values, ethical issues increase

From respecting the value of others in the past to emphasizing that there are no absolute values ​​at all, there is no truth that can be accepted by the whole world.

are dominated by the male perspective

Believes that ethical standards are not universal but depend on time, culture and specific situations