MindMap Gallery Art Making People Human (Part 3 Humanities Theme 4-Love)
This book is different from ordinary humanities books. It not only focuses on humanities and arts, such as literature, music, performance, etc., but also focuses on eternal philosophical themes, such as morality, happiness, and freedom. I hope that after reading this book, I will be like what is written on the title page: on the way of reading these words, I will meet myself...
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Part Three Humanities Themes
Chapter Thirteen Love
Summary
love is crucial
both in the past and today
Whether in life, in the world or in humanities
Without the theme of love, all art would disappear
This chapter will analyze how the myths or mysteries of love in different cultures and times have affected people.
Artists' depictions of love are inconsistent
Someone praises love
Some people emphasize the pain of love
Some even try to imagine a society where love is strictly prohibited
Recognizing obsession with love and its possible impact on faith is essential to being human
Eros
Summary
Love also has its own history
Over the centuries, human understanding of love has changed dramatically
A recurring aspect of love, both in anthropological research and in the arts, is physical passion.
Eros in classical mythology
classical era
Passion is dangerous, love can lead to endless pain
The effects of physical desires are often devastating and tragic
is the source of some of the most enduring stories in classical mythology
The story of Venus and Adonis
Peter Paul Rubens
"Venus and Adonis"
shakespeare
"Venus and Adonis"
narrative poem
classical mythology
People are not responsible for their own tragic passions
External forces, anthropomorphized gods, playing with people for entertainment or to satisfy their own physiological needs
Medieval Eros
late medieval
Although Christianity was prevalent in Europe, secular and erotic themes began to permeate poetry
The prevalence of indulgent songs
"Why not have fun"
"My Heart Is Wandering"
Geoffrey Chaucer
The most famous secular writer of the 14th century
Likes to create erotic novels and characters that can shock the authority of the church
"The Canterbury Tales"
Reveals the weaknesses of ordinary people and priests
Medieval writings generally avoided the subject of sex
With the decline of the Middle Ages
The Renaissance began to spread throughout much of Western Europe
Bringing back the glory of the classical world
The ancient theme of love once again awakens the resonance of writers
Some people regard it as a tragedy of human nature
Some, like Shakespeare, fervently wish their female friends could be more gentle and considerate
Eros in Shakespeare's plays
"Romeo and Juliet"
Possibly the most popular love story of all time
Very clearly demonstrates the initial attraction of physical desire to a pair of lovers
"A Midsummer Night's Dream"
Let people see the tortured side of love
Shakespeare's Age Centered on Passion
The philosophy of hedonism is widely recognized
Eros in Middle Eastern Culture
"One Thousand and One Nights"
Contains many stories from India, Persia, Arabia and other places
It is a representative of the integration of different cultures.
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
"Arabian Nights Suite"
symphony
Omar Khayyam
"The Rubaiyat"
Sing to your heart’s content the glory and short-lived pleasures of life, especially physical love
These poems claim that it is this kind of love that makes life passionate, but because it cannot last, it ultimately makes life sad and futile.
disloyal
background
In the 18th century, societies on both sides of the English Channel focused on elegance.
But behind the bedroom door, no code of conduct remains
"The Marriage of Figaro"
"Don Giovanni"
In Celebration of the Most Famous Playboy of All Time, Don Juan
definition
Eros
Greek
Passion and physical desire
Antonyms for spiritual love
spiritual love
Greek
An act of the spirit or soul (in an intellectual or aesthetic sense), including love for the soul of another
Christianity
Refers to love for God and one's own kind
Often understood as the opposite of sex
Intemperate
A group of wandering poets in the Middle Ages
Usually refers to a group of young people preparing to become priests
They celebrate hedonistic living and encourage others to enjoy life before entering the serious realm of the sacred
spiritual love
Plato's ideas
Ben Jonson
"New Inn"
Defines Platonic love as "the spiritual union of two souls / far superior to the physical union"
Plato believed
One can fall in love with anything as long as it provides aesthetic pleasure
As long as it is for aesthetic needs and not for possession
For Plato, the highest form of love is the love of beauty
In the soul, in art, in life itself
Platonic love revisited
Platonism embodies an ideal worth striving for but fundamentally disappointing and even disgusting to live in.
For committed Platonists, there is a price to pay for trying to live in a world above the physical
Plato believed that the highest form of beauty is to bring people into the realm of pure beauty
But few people can truly withstand the hardships of climbing
definition
platonic love
Originally referring to an ideal relationship between two compatible souls, which may have begun with physical passion but later moved to higher intellectual and aesthetic dimensions.
It can also refer to a person's love for ideas or works of art, or the pure love for physical beauty.
In common usage it simply means a romantic relationship without sex
family and friendship
family love
Voltaire
family
A group of people who can't stand each other's eyes but are forced to live under the same roof
family conflict
The humanities are filled with epic family struggles
Unlucky homes are everywhere in art
Arthur Miller
"Death of a Salesman"
Tennessee Williams
"The Glass Menagerie"
J.K. Rowling
"Harry Potter"
reason
These love-starved families can bring a sense of comfort to readers and viewers
The family form these people share is the perfect backdrop for telling tragic and comic stories
family in religion
The ancient Hebrews may have been the first in the world to propose the concept of family
While Judaism developed the father-son relationship between God and man, it also created a model for secular life.
Love of God, including fear and dignity, which is also a requirement of fatherly love in a secular family
matriarch and patriarch
matriarch
Federico Garcia Lorca
"Blood Wedding"
The bride was betrothed to a man she did not love and then eloped with him
"House of Bernarda Alba"
Daughters are forced to mourn, remain chaste, and wait in agony for a spouse to appear
Laura Esquivel
"Chocolate Lover"
The overbearing mother prevents her daughter from getting married so that she can take care of the family. The daughter's only hope is for her mother to grow old.
The tragedy of daughters under the control of strong matriarchs
john steinbeck
"The Grapes of Wrath"
classic matriarch image
Respect parents
One of the Ten Commandments of Moses
It is a restatement and expansion of earlier tribe-related requirements
Has been generally accepted by the world
male patriarch
Henry James
"Washington Square"
Created an image of a domineering father
Confucius and family
For the Chinese philosopher Confucius, honoring parents is the most basic value
friendship and love
unlike plato
Aristotle didn’t talk about love, but he believed in friendship
Rank friendship as one of the highest qualities of a happy life
Friendship is a strong bond between individuals who share common interests and moral values
"Hair"
An epoch-making stage play
Created a new era of family
Families are not held together by blood ties
It was a group of young men and women who gathered spontaneously because they hated the Vietnam War.
Actively care about the environment
television sitcom
workplace comedy
"The Mary Tyler Moore Show"
"Army Field Hospital"
"Cheers Bar"
buddy comedy
"Seinfeld"
"Friends"
"How I Met Your Mother"
The reason why it is loved by the audience may be because it eliminates to a certain extent people's uneasiness about the gradual disappearance of the nuclear family.
best friend
Spiritually close to a super-kinship relationship
Cervantes
"Don Quixote"
Don Quixote
Sancho Panza
Mark Twain
"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"
Hack
jim
Both male characters develop a tight, seemingly unbreakable bond with each other
definition
core family
Traditional family unit consisting of father, mother and children
Grandparents used to be included, but this is no longer possible
relatives
Traditionally used to describe the blood relationship between people
super relatives
Friendship that replaces blood ties
self-selected relatives
romantic love
Romantic Love Archetype
Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" continues to be performed around the world
Love and Desire: The Language of Romance
Cynics believe that romantic language is just the surface, and what is surging underneath is endless desire.
Yet the ideal of romantic love still exerts a strong influence on human life
Adoration of the Virgin
Summary
The cult of the Virgin gave rise to numerous artistic expressions and continues into secular literature
At the same time there was renewed interest in Plato's theory of love
Is simply understood as the pursuit of ideal love
purely
pure
reality
untainted by desire
cannot be destroyed even in the grave
It has always affected the relationship between men and women until today.
Knight in bright armor
The emergence of novels in the 11th and 12th centuries
Popular stories about King Arthur, Lancelot, Guinevere, Camelot and the Knights of the Round Table
Thomas Malory
Collection and compilation
"Le Morte d'Arthur"
It has since become an inspiration for many writers
Code of Chivalry
Chivalry and the code of conduct of chivalry are the ancestors of many etiquettes today.
Open the door for the lady and pull out the chair
Generally, women are given priority
Walk on the outside of ladies
elegant love
From a game to a set of courtship rules
A well-bred lady is born to be pampered, and men are her slaves
Romance and love games
Ovid
Specially written about love topics
"Game of Seduction"
congreve
"This is the Way of the World"
"Adam's Rib"
Spencer Tracy
Katharine Hepburn
The unattainable "Divine Comedy" and the story of Tristan and Isolde
The relationship between Dante and the woman he called Beatrice was one of the most enduring romantic relationships in the Middle Ages.
tristan and isode
Desire for an unattainable lover is a common feature of romantic love
family life is not
Romantic love stories often feature the death of one or a couple of lovers
Richard Wagner
"Tristan and Isolde"
Improper love is short-lived, but it is enough to make people pay for it with their lives
definition
romantic love
sexual or non-sexual love
The most important thing is the tender feeling and the desire to stay together, not to satisfy personal desires.
Adoration of the Virgin
Worship of the idealized Virgin Mary by late medieval poets and painters
This worship not only exalted Jesus' biological mother, but also led to an increase in the status of women in the upper classes and among the clergy
Romance
A genre of fiction that originated in the Middle Ages
Describe the heroic deeds of a brave knight and his pure love for a woman
Usually the knight in the story dies
knightship
Originated from France
A dashing knight has many admirable qualities, including a willingness to fight to the bitter end in the name of a lady
gave birth to the current tradition of worshiping women without asking for anything in return
elegant love
A form of entertainment pioneered by the wife of King Louis VII of France
In the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, a set of man-made rules that governed the mating behavior of the upper classes.
Chief among them is the right of a woman to make any demands that test the fidelity and devotion of her suitor
Chapter
The division of parts in long poems such as "The Divine Comedy" is similar to the chapters of a book
love and marriage
victorian model
victorian era
Marriage is not only the goal of life, but also the shared responsibility of men and women
Considered the only source of true happiness
Both sexes have their own gender roles in marriage
husband
Make money to support the family
men's status improved
women's importance diminishes
wife
Take care of housework with peace of mind
Georges Seurat
"Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte"
The most intuitive description of the Victorian middle class
typical of pointillism
Double standard
The legacy of double standards persists to this day, continuing to have an impact and sometimes being celebrated
In some societies today, the patriarchal system still exists
marriage today
Is marriage still important today?
Why are there so many large-scale political and social movements pushing for same-sex couples to have the legal right to marry?
What has changed in the institution of marriage?
How are previous marriage norms reflected in 21st century marriage?
definition
gender roles
The way society defines the rights and responsibilities of men and women, especially in marriage.
conspicuous consumption
Presented by Thorstein Veblen
Refers to the economic behavior of the middle and upper classes in the Victorian era that openly displayed wealth.
Double standard
Originally the right of a husband (but not his wife) to have sexual intercourse before or during marriage
variations of love
feminism
In the 1960s, leaders of the feminist movement called for the abolition of the institution of marriage
This system is an accomplice to gender inequality
There is no excuse for not being open and honest about intimacy issues
Love alone is not enough in life
Perhaps the hardest myth to shake is the Cinderella fantasy
A girl is waiting for the prince to arrive
same-sex love
The fastest growing civil rights movement in the 21st century is the same-sex marriage equality movement
Shows the flexibility of the institution of marriage
allow change
Most people still believe marriage is a basic human right and should be open to everyone
Love in the age of AIDS
The combination of love and illness has a long history in the humanities
opera
verdi
"La Traviata"
Puccini
"La Boheme"
In the 1980s, with the epidemic of AIDS, the combination of the two came to the forefront again.
Larry Kramer
"The Ordinary Heart"
Craig Lucas
"Love is a promise of life and death"
Love in old age
One of the problems many seniors are facing now
How to overcome society’s (and their own) assumptions about how people over 60 should behave
Should you go on a date?
Gabriel Garcia Marquez
"Love in the Time of Cholera"
Imagine a world without love
Three novels offer explicit warnings about sexual dissociation
They are all dystopian
Aldous Huxley
"Brave New World"
george orwell
"1984"
A powerful dystopian manifesto
A powerful warning against government infringement of personal privacy rights
Margaret Atwood
"The Handmaid's Tale"
Love is a natural instinct that cannot be denied or controlled by external forces
definition
utopianism
Believe that an ideal society can be planned and rationally managed
freedom of choice
One of the main ideas provided by the humanities
All people have the right to choose, which includes the freedom to define love