MindMap Gallery Building Physics Electric Light Sources
This is an article about architectural physics: a mind map of electric light sources, including thermal radiation light sources, solid luminescent light sources LED, gas discharge light sources, etc.
Edited at 2023-11-20 18:10:58This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
light source
thermal radiation light source
incandescent lamp
Small size, easy to control light
Operates over a wide range of ambient temperatures
Low luminous efficiency and waste of energy
Large heat dissipation
Short life (1000h)
Largely affected by voltage changes and mechanical vibrations
Visible light is mainly long-wavelength, and the light color is reddish
Tungsten halogen lamp
Small size, high light efficiency, stable light output
Long life (2000h)
Solid light source LED
gas discharge light source
Fluorescent lamp
High luminous efficiency, 3 times higher than incandescent lamps
Luminous surface has low brightness
Good light color, many categories
Long life (1w~2wh)
Lamp surface temperature is low
High initial investment
Sensitive to temperature and humidity
Large size, not conducive to light control
There is flicker
compact fluorescent lamp
A fluorescent lamp that bends the discharge tube into a certain shape to reduce the length of the discharge tube
relatively small size
High light efficiency and fast start-up
Long life (6000h)
Fluorescent high pressure mercury lamp
High luminous efficiency
Long life (12000h)
Light color difference, mainly emitting blue-green light
Commonly used in construction sites and large-area lighting places where careful color discrimination is not required.
Metal halide lamp
It is also a high-intensity gas discharge lamp. Its structure and luminous principle are similar to those of fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamps.
Light efficiency and light color are improved
sodium lamp
High light efficiency and long life (about 2wh)
Strong ability to penetrate fog
The radiation wavelength is mainly concentrated in yellow-green, with poor color rendering
xenon lamp
The spectrum is very similar to sunlight
Life span is about 1000h
cold cathode fluorescent lamp
instant start
The lamp diameter is small and the volume is small
Vibration resistant
Low energy consumption, high light efficiency, high brightness, long life (life span 2wh)
High frequency induction lamp
Color rendering index 80
Lifespan 6w~10wh