MindMap Gallery Organic Chemistry-Nitrogenous Compounds
Final review of organic chemistry, summarizing nitro compounds, Amine compounds, chemical properties of amines, amides, etc. Hope it helps everyone.
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This infographic, created using EdrawMax, outlines the pivotal moments in African American history from 1619 to the present. It highlights significant events such as emancipation, key civil rights legislation, and notable achievements that have shaped the social and political landscape. The timeline serves as a visual representation of the struggle for equality and justice, emphasizing the resilience and contributions of African Americans throughout history.
This infographic, designed with EdrawMax, presents a detailed timeline of the evolution of voting rights and citizenship in the U.S. from 1870 to the present. It highlights key legislative milestones, court decisions, and societal changes that have expanded or challenged voting access. The timeline underscores the ongoing struggle for equality and the continuous efforts to secure voting rights for all citizens, reflecting the dynamic nature of democracy in America.
This infographic, created using EdrawMax, highlights the rich cultural heritage and outstanding contributions of African Americans. It covers key areas such as STEM innovations, literature and thought, global influence of music and arts, and historical preservation. The document showcases influential figures and institutions that have played pivotal roles in shaping science, medicine, literature, and public memory, underscoring the integral role of African American contributions to society.
Nitrogen-containing compounds
Nitro compounds
chemical properties
Reduction reaction becomes -NH2
Fe/HCl (unique)
LiAlH4
The effect of nitro group on the acidity of compounds
Nitro compounds with α-H are acidic
Amine compounds
Classification of amines
Quaternary amines
Naming of amines
Primary amines
Alcohol-like
Uncle secondary amine
Similar to ether
quaternary amine
ion
chemical properties of amines
Basic (lone electron pair of N)
Determine the alkalinity of fatty amines in aqueous solutions
Be sure to pay attention to solubility
alkylation reaction
Acylation
acid halide anhydride
Alkaline reduction back (protect amino group)
Hinsberg reaction
Under alkaline conditions, it reacts with benzenesulfonic acid to form sulfonamide
Primary amine: precipitated, soluble in alkali
Secondary amine: precipitate is insoluble in alkali
Tertiary amine: non-reactive, oil-water stratification, insoluble in alkali, soluble in acid
Reacts with nitrous acid
Primary amines (to obtain diazonium salts)
Aliphatic diazonium salt: decomposes at low temperature to release N2
Aromatic diazonium salt: release N2 at >5℃
Secondary amine
Small molecular weight: yellow oil
Large molecular weight: yellow solid
Tertiary amine
Aliphatic: water-soluble salts
Aromatic: substitution, resulting in green solid
Substitution of benzene
Halogenated
trihalo
Acylation followed by monohalogenation
Nitrification
Concentrated sulfuric acid Concentrated nitric acid
sulfonation
Counterpoint substitution (backward)
Diazo compounds and azo compounds
Diazo compounds
Preparation: sodium nitrite hydrochloric acid
Very lively and easily replaced
H2O
CN
ikX
Ethanol/phosphoric acid→benzene
Azo compounds
Preparation: diazo compounds phenol/aromatic amine
Amide
chemical properties
Acidic
Hoffmann degradation reaction (One less C)
Br2 NaOH
Primary amides
Urea
CO2 2NH3→Urea H2O
The formation of biuret