Classification based on the number of hydrocarbon groups directly connected to the nitrogen atom

Different types of hydrocarbon groups attached to nitrogen atoms

Distinguish between "amine", "ammonia" and "ammonium"

Naming of simple amines: "amine" is used as the parent, and the name and number of the hydrocarbon group are added in front of the word "amine"

When there are multiple substituents attached to the N atom, treat the simple group as a substituent and indicate the position of the substituent.

Complex amines use hydrocarbons as the parent and amino groups as substituents.

The naming of quaternary ammonium salts (bases) is similar to the naming of inorganic compound ammonium salts

The N atoms of ammonia and amine are SP3 unequal hybridized, and one SP3 hybrid orbital is occupied by an unshared electron pair.

The amine molecule is in the shape of a prism, with N at the top of the cone

When there are 3 different substituents attached to N, the molecule should theoretically have chirality, but there is no chirality because the two configurations are easily converted into each other.

The quaternary ammonium salt (base) in the above situation is chiral

physical properties

chemical properties

Compounds containing two amide bonds in the molecule can react purple with copper ions.

Diazo: Only one end is connected to C, it is a salt; nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond

Azo: both ends are connected to C, not a salt, nitrogen-nitrogen double bond

diazonium salt reaction

coupling reaction

Nitro appears as a substituent with lower priority than hydrocarbyl and halogen

The two nitrogen-oxygen bonds in the nitro group are exactly the same

The two oxygens in the nitro group each provide one electron, and the nitrogen provides two electrons, forming a four-electron three-atom p-π conjugated system.

physical properties

chemical properties