MindMap Gallery Summary of Organic Chemistry Reactions
The summary of basic organic chemistry reactions in universities mainly starts from the products. Those who download can write down the products and conditions of the reaction according to their ideas. It is recommended to collect it!
Edited at 2021-07-06 22:04:18This infographic, created using EdrawMax, outlines the pivotal moments in African American history from 1619 to the present. It highlights significant events such as emancipation, key civil rights legislation, and notable achievements that have shaped the social and political landscape. The timeline serves as a visual representation of the struggle for equality and justice, emphasizing the resilience and contributions of African Americans throughout history.
This infographic, designed with EdrawMax, presents a detailed timeline of the evolution of voting rights and citizenship in the U.S. from 1870 to the present. It highlights key legislative milestones, court decisions, and societal changes that have expanded or challenged voting access. The timeline underscores the ongoing struggle for equality and the continuous efforts to secure voting rights for all citizens, reflecting the dynamic nature of democracy in America.
This infographic, created using EdrawMax, highlights the rich cultural heritage and outstanding contributions of African Americans. It covers key areas such as STEM innovations, literature and thought, global influence of music and arts, and historical preservation. The document showcases influential figures and institutions that have played pivotal roles in shaping science, medicine, literature, and public memory, underscoring the integral role of African American contributions to society.
This infographic, created using EdrawMax, outlines the pivotal moments in African American history from 1619 to the present. It highlights significant events such as emancipation, key civil rights legislation, and notable achievements that have shaped the social and political landscape. The timeline serves as a visual representation of the struggle for equality and justice, emphasizing the resilience and contributions of African Americans throughout history.
This infographic, designed with EdrawMax, presents a detailed timeline of the evolution of voting rights and citizenship in the U.S. from 1870 to the present. It highlights key legislative milestones, court decisions, and societal changes that have expanded or challenged voting access. The timeline underscores the ongoing struggle for equality and the continuous efforts to secure voting rights for all citizens, reflecting the dynamic nature of democracy in America.
This infographic, created using EdrawMax, highlights the rich cultural heritage and outstanding contributions of African Americans. It covers key areas such as STEM innovations, literature and thought, global influence of music and arts, and historical preservation. The document showcases influential figures and institutions that have played pivotal roles in shaping science, medicine, literature, and public memory, underscoring the integral role of African American contributions to society.
Summary of Organic Chemistry Reactions
Saturated hydrocarbons
Alkanes
replace
☞Halogenated hydrocarbons
free radical halogenation reaction
C of allyl introduces halogen
Benzyl
Halogenated hydrocarbons
replace
☞Build C-C
Organometallic (Format reagent)
reduction
☞Alkanes
Catalytic hydrodehalogenation
eliminate
(O-Dihalocarbon-)☞Alkenes
Metal zinc
Iodine anion
Saturated non-hydrocarbon
alcohol
replace
☞Halogenated hydrocarbons
Hydrohalic acid
Thionyl chloride
(1) There is pyridine = configuration conversion
(2) No pyridine = configuration maintained
Phosphorus trihalide
eliminate
Oxidation
☞Aldehydes and ketones
Chromic acid - Saratt's reagent (does not affect unsaturated hydrocarbons)
Manganese dioxide (selective oxidation of allylic hydroxyl groups)
(O-diol-)periodic acid
☞Carboxylic acid
Chromic acid-Jones reagent
☞(tertiary alcohol-)alkene
Acid potassium permanganate
reduction
(Thioketal-)☞H
Hydrogen desulfurization
Epoxy compound
replace
Ring opening under acidic conditions
unsaturated hydrocarbons
Alkenes
addition
☞Halogenated hydrocarbons
Hydrohalic acid
Other solvents (Markovitch rule)
Ether solvent (anti-Markovsky rule)
Halogen (-o-dihalocarbon)
☞O-halohydrin
hypohalous acid
☞Alcohol
and water bonus (Markov's rule, with rearrangements)
Olefin indirect hydration method: high concentration sulfuric acid (-hydrogen sulfate ester-alcohol)
Hydroxymercurylation-demercury reaction (Markovsky rule, no rearrangement)
Hydroboration-oxidation reaction (anti-Markovsky rule, no rearrangement)
☞ether
addition to alcohol
☞Cyclopropane
carbine
(Conjugated diene—)☞Cyclohexene compounds
Diels-Alder reaction
eliminate
(Ethylene-)☞Alkynes
sodium amide
Butyllithium, phenyllithium
reduction
☞C-C
Catalytic hydrogenation
Oxidation
☞Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids (HCOOH☞CO2)
potassium permanganate
ozone
(1)【-Aldehydes & Ketones】
(2)【-Ketone & Carboxylic Acid】
☞Epoxy compound
peroxyacid
Alkynes
addition
☞Halide
Hydrohalic acid (☞Hydrodihalogenated compound)
Halogen (trans addition)
☞Ketones
Hydration reaction (enol = ketone)
Hydroboration-oxidation reaction
replace
☞Build C-C
Sulfonate ester
Halogenated hydrocarbons
reduction
☞C-C
Catalytic hydrogenation
☞C=C【cis olefin】
Catalytic hydrogenation ☞cis olefins
Electron proton reduction ☞ trans alkenes
Oxidation
☞Carboxylic acid (HCOOH☞CO2)
potassium permanganate
ozone
cyclic compounds
reduction
☞Open loop
Catalytic hydrogenation ring-opening reaction
Oxidation
(With carbon-carbon double bond) ☞cis-phthalic diol
potassium permanganate
Osmium tetroxide
benzene
replace
electrophilic substitution
Halogenation reaction
Nitro reaction
Sulfonation reaction
Fokker Alkylation
Fokker acylation
nucleophilic substitution
reduction
Oxidation
☞Methylbenzene
potassium permanganate
☞α-quaternary carbon
potassium permanganate
Phenol-quinone
Oxidation
fremy salt
reduction
metal reducing agent
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
replace
Aromatic heterocyclic compounds
replace
Unsaturated non-hydrocarbon
aldehydes and ketones
Oxidation
(Keto-)☞ester, cyclic lactone
Peroxyacid: Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
(aldehyde-)☞carboxylic acid
Peroxyacid: Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
reduction
☞Alcohol
Negative hydrogen reduction of metal compounds
Electron-proton reduction
(aldehyde ☞ primary alcohol)
(Keto☞Panalcol)
(carbonyl-)☞methylene
Clammensen reduction method
...Huang Minglong reduction method
addition
☞Hydrate/glycol
and water
☞Hemiacetal hemiketal acetal ketal
and alcohol
☞Imine compounds
Primary amines
Angie derivatives
☞Enamine
Secondary amine
☞Thioketal thiacetal
and thiols
☞α-Hydroxycyanide
cyanide anion
☞Propargyl alcohol
Alkynyl anion
☞Alcohol
Organometallic reagents
☞Alkenes
Phospholide reagent
☞β-hydroxyaldehydes and ketones
Aldol addition
☞αβ-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones
Aldol condensation
☞β-carbonyl ketone
Ketone acylation reaction
replace
☞α-Halogenated aldehydes and ketones
Base catalysis: haloform reaction, iodoform reaction
acid catalysis
☞α-alkylated aldehydes and ketones
Strong base Halogenated hydrocarbon
Amine Halogenated Hydrocarbon
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives
carboxylic acid
reduction
☞Alcohol
Negative hydrogen reduction of metal compounds
eliminate
☞Carbon dioxide Alkanes
(heating)
replace
☞Ester
and alcohol
☞amide
and amines, ammonia
☞Acid chloride
Thionyl chloride
Phosphorus trichloride
Phosphorus pentachloride
☞Acid anhydride
carboxylic acid water loss
α-halocarboxylic acid
Halogenation reaction
Carboxylate
reduction
☞Alcohol
Negative hydrogen reduction of metal compounds [two alcohols]
addition
☞Alcohol
format reagent
☞Ketones
Large volume reagents Low temperature
Organic copper lithium reagent
☞β-carbonyl ester
claisen reaction
Dieckmann condensation (intramolecular)
replace
☞Carboxylic acid
hydrolysis
☞Ester
and alcohol (ester exchange)
☞amide
and amines, ammonia
acid halide
addition
☞Alcohol
format reagent
☞Ketones
Large volume reagents Low temperature
Organic copper lithium reagent
reduction
☞Aldehyde
Catalytic hydrogenation-Rosenmund reduction
Negative hydrogen reduction of metal compounds [large volume and low activity]
☞Alcohol
Catalytic hydrogenation
Negative hydrogen reduction of metal compounds
replace
☞Carboxylic acid
hydrolysis
☞Ester
and alcohol
☞amide
and amines, ammonia
☞Acid anhydride
Hydroxy acid sodium salt
Anhydride
replace
☞Carboxylic acid
hydrolysis
☞Ester
and alcohol
☞amide
and amines, ammonia
Amide
reduction
☞(amidecarbonyl)-methylene
Negative hydrogen reduction of metal compounds
replace
☞Carboxylic acid
hydrolysis
☞Ester
and alcohol
☞amide
With amines and ammonia (exchange)
N-containing compounds
Nitro
reduction
☞Amine
Catalytic hydrogenation (especially synthesis of aromatic amines)
Amine compounds
Aromatic amines
Oxidation
☞Quinone
Chromic acid
imine
reduction
☞Secondary amine
Catalytic hydrogenation
amine
Oxidation
☞(Secondary amine-)hydroxylamine
hydrogen peroxide
☞(tertiary amine-)amine oxide
hydrogen peroxide
peroxyacid
Tertiary amine oxide
eliminate
☞(less substituent) alkenes
cope elimination response
cyanide
reduction
☞Primary amines
Catalytic hydrogenation
addition
☞Imine salt
format reagent
Aromatic diazonium salt
Preparation of aromatic amines
Diazotization reaction of aromatic primary amines
Reactions of aromatic diazonium salts
replace
hydrolysis
reduction
coupling