MindMap Gallery Summary of Organic Chemistry Reactions
The summary of basic organic chemistry reactions in universities mainly starts from the products. Those who download can write down the products and conditions of the reaction according to their ideas. It is recommended to collect it!
Edited at 2021-07-06 22:04:18Explore the intricate lineage of the Crown Royal Family Tree, showcasing the House of Windsor and its notable members. From Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip's legacy to their childrenKing Charles III, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edwarddiscover the marriages and offspring that shape the modern monarchy. Notable branches include the heir apparent, Prince William, and his brother, Prince Harry, alongside their families. Delve into Prince Philip's roots in the House of Glücksburg, connecting British royalty to Denmark and Greece. Join us in tracing this remarkable royal heritage!
This is a panoramic infographic—currently sweeping across the web—illustrating the comprehensive applications of OpenClaw, a popular open-source AI agent platform. It systematically introduces this intelligent agent framework—affectionately dubbed "Lobster Farming"—helping readers quickly grasp its core value, technical features, application scenarios, and security protocols. It serves as an excellent introductory guide and practical manual.
這是一張最近風靡全網關於熱門開源AI代理平台OpenClaw的全網應用全景圖解。它系統性地介紹了這款被稱為「養龍蝦」的智慧體框架,幫助讀者快速理解其核心價值、技術特性、應用場景及安全規範,是一份極佳的入門指南與實操手冊。此圖主要針對希望利用AI建構自動化工作流程的技術從業人員、中小企業主及效率追求者,透過9大模組層層遞進,全面剖析了OpenClaw從概念到落地的整個過程。 圖中核心內容首先釐清了「養龍蝦」指涉的是OpenClawd開源智能體,並強調其本質是「AI基建」而非一般聊天機器人。隨後詳細比較其與傳統AI助理的區別,擁有記憶管理、權限控制、會話隔離和異常恢復四大基礎能力,支援跨平台存取和多模型相容(如GPT、Claude、Ollama)。同時,圖解提供了完整的部署方案(雲端/本地/Docker),並列舉了辦公室自動化、內容創作、資料收集等五大應用程式場景。此外,還展示了其火爆程度、政府與大廠佈局、安全部署建議及適合/不適合的人群分類。幫助你快速掌握OpenClaw技術架構與應用價值,指導個人或企業建構AI自動化系統,規避資料外洩與權限失控風險,是學習「執行式AI」轉型的權威參考圖譜。
Explore the intricate lineage of the Crown Royal Family Tree, showcasing the House of Windsor and its notable members. From Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip's legacy to their childrenKing Charles III, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edwarddiscover the marriages and offspring that shape the modern monarchy. Notable branches include the heir apparent, Prince William, and his brother, Prince Harry, alongside their families. Delve into Prince Philip's roots in the House of Glücksburg, connecting British royalty to Denmark and Greece. Join us in tracing this remarkable royal heritage!
This is a panoramic infographic—currently sweeping across the web—illustrating the comprehensive applications of OpenClaw, a popular open-source AI agent platform. It systematically introduces this intelligent agent framework—affectionately dubbed "Lobster Farming"—helping readers quickly grasp its core value, technical features, application scenarios, and security protocols. It serves as an excellent introductory guide and practical manual.
這是一張最近風靡全網關於熱門開源AI代理平台OpenClaw的全網應用全景圖解。它系統性地介紹了這款被稱為「養龍蝦」的智慧體框架,幫助讀者快速理解其核心價值、技術特性、應用場景及安全規範,是一份極佳的入門指南與實操手冊。此圖主要針對希望利用AI建構自動化工作流程的技術從業人員、中小企業主及效率追求者,透過9大模組層層遞進,全面剖析了OpenClaw從概念到落地的整個過程。 圖中核心內容首先釐清了「養龍蝦」指涉的是OpenClawd開源智能體,並強調其本質是「AI基建」而非一般聊天機器人。隨後詳細比較其與傳統AI助理的區別,擁有記憶管理、權限控制、會話隔離和異常恢復四大基礎能力,支援跨平台存取和多模型相容(如GPT、Claude、Ollama)。同時,圖解提供了完整的部署方案(雲端/本地/Docker),並列舉了辦公室自動化、內容創作、資料收集等五大應用程式場景。此外,還展示了其火爆程度、政府與大廠佈局、安全部署建議及適合/不適合的人群分類。幫助你快速掌握OpenClaw技術架構與應用價值,指導個人或企業建構AI自動化系統,規避資料外洩與權限失控風險,是學習「執行式AI」轉型的權威參考圖譜。
Summary of Organic Chemistry Reactions
Saturated hydrocarbons
Alkanes
replace
☞Halogenated hydrocarbons
free radical halogenation reaction
C of allyl introduces halogen
Benzyl
Halogenated hydrocarbons
replace
☞Build C-C
Organometallic (Format reagent)
reduction
☞Alkanes
Catalytic hydrodehalogenation
eliminate
(O-Dihalocarbon-)☞Alkenes
Metal zinc
Iodine anion
Saturated non-hydrocarbon
alcohol
replace
☞Halogenated hydrocarbons
Hydrohalic acid
Thionyl chloride
(1) There is pyridine = configuration conversion
(2) No pyridine = configuration maintained
Phosphorus trihalide
eliminate
Oxidation
☞Aldehydes and ketones
Chromic acid - Saratt's reagent (does not affect unsaturated hydrocarbons)
Manganese dioxide (selective oxidation of allylic hydroxyl groups)
(O-diol-)periodic acid
☞Carboxylic acid
Chromic acid-Jones reagent
☞(tertiary alcohol-)alkene
Acid potassium permanganate
reduction
(Thioketal-)☞H
Hydrogen desulfurization
Epoxy compound
replace
Ring opening under acidic conditions
unsaturated hydrocarbons
Alkenes
addition
☞Halogenated hydrocarbons
Hydrohalic acid
Other solvents (Markovitch rule)
Ether solvent (anti-Markovsky rule)
Halogen (-o-dihalocarbon)
☞O-halohydrin
hypohalous acid
☞Alcohol
and water bonus (Markov's rule, with rearrangements)
Olefin indirect hydration method: high concentration sulfuric acid (-hydrogen sulfate ester-alcohol)
Hydroxymercurylation-demercury reaction (Markovsky rule, no rearrangement)
Hydroboration-oxidation reaction (anti-Markovsky rule, no rearrangement)
☞ether
addition to alcohol
☞Cyclopropane
carbine
(Conjugated diene—)☞Cyclohexene compounds
Diels-Alder reaction
eliminate
(Ethylene-)☞Alkynes
sodium amide
Butyllithium, phenyllithium
reduction
☞C-C
Catalytic hydrogenation
Oxidation
☞Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids (HCOOH☞CO2)
potassium permanganate
ozone
(1)【-Aldehydes & Ketones】
(2)【-Ketone & Carboxylic Acid】
☞Epoxy compound
peroxyacid
Alkynes
addition
☞Halide
Hydrohalic acid (☞Hydrodihalogenated compound)
Halogen (trans addition)
☞Ketones
Hydration reaction (enol = ketone)
Hydroboration-oxidation reaction
replace
☞Build C-C
Sulfonate ester
Halogenated hydrocarbons
reduction
☞C-C
Catalytic hydrogenation
☞C=C【cis olefin】
Catalytic hydrogenation ☞cis olefins
Electron proton reduction ☞ trans alkenes
Oxidation
☞Carboxylic acid (HCOOH☞CO2)
potassium permanganate
ozone
cyclic compounds
reduction
☞Open loop
Catalytic hydrogenation ring-opening reaction
Oxidation
(With carbon-carbon double bond) ☞cis-phthalic diol
potassium permanganate
Osmium tetroxide
benzene
replace
electrophilic substitution
Halogenation reaction
Nitro reaction
Sulfonation reaction
Fokker Alkylation
Fokker acylation
nucleophilic substitution
reduction
Oxidation
☞Methylbenzene
potassium permanganate
☞α-quaternary carbon
potassium permanganate
Phenol-quinone
Oxidation
fremy salt
reduction
metal reducing agent
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
replace
Aromatic heterocyclic compounds
replace
Unsaturated non-hydrocarbon
aldehydes and ketones
Oxidation
(Keto-)☞ester, cyclic lactone
Peroxyacid: Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
(aldehyde-)☞carboxylic acid
Peroxyacid: Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
reduction
☞Alcohol
Negative hydrogen reduction of metal compounds
Electron-proton reduction
(aldehyde ☞ primary alcohol)
(Keto☞Panalcol)
(carbonyl-)☞methylene
Clammensen reduction method
...Huang Minglong reduction method
addition
☞Hydrate/glycol
and water
☞Hemiacetal hemiketal acetal ketal
and alcohol
☞Imine compounds
Primary amines
Angie derivatives
☞Enamine
Secondary amine
☞Thioketal thiacetal
and thiols
☞α-Hydroxycyanide
cyanide anion
☞Propargyl alcohol
Alkynyl anion
☞Alcohol
Organometallic reagents
☞Alkenes
Phospholide reagent
☞β-hydroxyaldehydes and ketones
Aldol addition
☞αβ-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones
Aldol condensation
☞β-carbonyl ketone
Ketone acylation reaction
replace
☞α-Halogenated aldehydes and ketones
Base catalysis: haloform reaction, iodoform reaction
acid catalysis
☞α-alkylated aldehydes and ketones
Strong base Halogenated hydrocarbon
Amine Halogenated Hydrocarbon
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives
carboxylic acid
reduction
☞Alcohol
Negative hydrogen reduction of metal compounds
eliminate
☞Carbon dioxide Alkanes
(heating)
replace
☞Ester
and alcohol
☞amide
and amines, ammonia
☞Acid chloride
Thionyl chloride
Phosphorus trichloride
Phosphorus pentachloride
☞Acid anhydride
carboxylic acid water loss
α-halocarboxylic acid
Halogenation reaction
Carboxylate
reduction
☞Alcohol
Negative hydrogen reduction of metal compounds [two alcohols]
addition
☞Alcohol
format reagent
☞Ketones
Large volume reagents Low temperature
Organic copper lithium reagent
☞β-carbonyl ester
claisen reaction
Dieckmann condensation (intramolecular)
replace
☞Carboxylic acid
hydrolysis
☞Ester
and alcohol (ester exchange)
☞amide
and amines, ammonia
acid halide
addition
☞Alcohol
format reagent
☞Ketones
Large volume reagents Low temperature
Organic copper lithium reagent
reduction
☞Aldehyde
Catalytic hydrogenation-Rosenmund reduction
Negative hydrogen reduction of metal compounds [large volume and low activity]
☞Alcohol
Catalytic hydrogenation
Negative hydrogen reduction of metal compounds
replace
☞Carboxylic acid
hydrolysis
☞Ester
and alcohol
☞amide
and amines, ammonia
☞Acid anhydride
Hydroxy acid sodium salt
Anhydride
replace
☞Carboxylic acid
hydrolysis
☞Ester
and alcohol
☞amide
and amines, ammonia
Amide
reduction
☞(amidecarbonyl)-methylene
Negative hydrogen reduction of metal compounds
replace
☞Carboxylic acid
hydrolysis
☞Ester
and alcohol
☞amide
With amines and ammonia (exchange)
N-containing compounds
Nitro
reduction
☞Amine
Catalytic hydrogenation (especially synthesis of aromatic amines)
Amine compounds
Aromatic amines
Oxidation
☞Quinone
Chromic acid
imine
reduction
☞Secondary amine
Catalytic hydrogenation
amine
Oxidation
☞(Secondary amine-)hydroxylamine
hydrogen peroxide
☞(tertiary amine-)amine oxide
hydrogen peroxide
peroxyacid
Tertiary amine oxide
eliminate
☞(less substituent) alkenes
cope elimination response
cyanide
reduction
☞Primary amines
Catalytic hydrogenation
addition
☞Imine salt
format reagent
Aromatic diazonium salt
Preparation of aromatic amines
Diazotization reaction of aromatic primary amines
Reactions of aromatic diazonium salts
replace
hydrolysis
reduction
coupling