MindMap Gallery Medicine-Visual Organs
Exclusively for medical students at the end of the semester, the visual organ consists of the eyeball and its auxiliary device. It is an important organ for people to live, work and connect with the environment.
Edited at 2023-12-17 20:02:50Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
monitor
eyeball
Function
Location
eye axis
visual axis
From the center of the pupil to the fovea fovea
composition
eyeball wall
fibrous membrane of eyeball
cornea
Top 1/6
Colorless, transparent, elastic
Avascular, with sensory N terminals
Large curvature, refractive effect
sclera
After 5/6
milky
scleral sinus
Scleral parenchyma near the limbus
aqueous fluid outflow channel
vascular membrane
iris
Pupil in the center
Located at the forefront of the vascular membrane
Divide the eye chamber into anterior chamber and posterior chamber
Chamber: the space between the lens and cornea (the front and back chambers are connected through the pupil)
Iridocorneal angle (the annular area where the iris and cornea meet)
peripheral muscles
pupillary sphincter→parasympathetic fibers
pupillary dilator → sympathetic fibers
ciliary body
Located on the inner surface of the transition between cornea and sclera
Function: Adjust the curvature of the lens and produce aqueous humor
Posterior: ciliary ring
Anterior part: ciliary process (a radially arranged fold that projects inward)
Contains ciliary muscle→parasympathetic nerve
Choroid
Posterior 2/3 of the vascular membrane
Nourish the tissues inside the eyeball and absorb scattered light
retina
Retina iris part
ciliary body
Choroidal part (optic part)
View N disk
There is central retinal A/V passing through
No photosensitive cells in the center, physiological blind spot
macula
Fovea → the most sensitive part of the light
Made up of densely packed cone cells
The physiological basis of shedding
pigment epithelium
neural layer
Outer layer: cones and rods
Photosensitive
Cones → bright light and color (red-green color blindness)
Rod → low light, night
Middle: bipolar cells → conduct spiritual impulses
Inner: ganglion cells
Axons converge towards the optic N disc
eyeball contents
Aqueous humor
Generating pathway
Produced by the ciliary body → posterior chamber of the eye → through the pupil to the anterior chamber → from the iridocorneal angle to the scleral V sinus → borrowed from the anterior ciliary v → upper and lower V of the eye
Provide nutrition and maintain normal intraocular pressure (poor circulation causes glaucoma)
lens
refractive process
look close
Ciliary muscle contraction → ciliary process extension → ciliary zonules relaxation → convexity becomes larger
look far
Ciliary muscle relaxes → ciliary process extends → xxxx tightens → convexity becomes smaller
No blood vessels or nerves
Vitreous body
Posterior intraocular cavity 4/5
supporting role
Eye accessories
eyelids
composition
Upper eyelid→levator palpebrae superioris
palpebral margin
Where eyelashes grow → Inflammation of eyelash follicles/eyelash glands → Stye
lower eyelid
layered
Skin: thin
Subcutaneous tissue: loose → edema due to some infections
Muscle → Orbicularis oculi muscle contraction → Closure of eye fissure
tarsus
dense connective tissue plate
Behind the medial palpebral ligament is the lacrimal sac (a sign of the lacrimal sac during surgery)
Meibomian gland → chalazion
facial conjunctiva
blood supply
External neck A
Eye A
conjunctiva
Features: Thin, transparent, rich in blood vessels
branch
Palpebral conjunctiva prone to trachoma
bulbar conjunctiva
corneal epithelium (herpes)
conjunctival fornix
The transition point between the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva (trachoma)
Conjunctival sac → the structure formed when the upper and lower eyelids close
tear organ
lacrimal gland
Excess tears → enter the lacrimal sac through the puncta and lacrimal canaliculus, and then enter the nasal cavity through the nasolacrimal duct
duct of tears
tears
lacrimal canaliculus
lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
Opens into the lateral wall of the inferior meatus
extraocular muscles
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Dominated by oculomotor N
Function: Lift the upper eyelid
Starting point: orbital wall anterior and superior to the optic N canal
Insertion point: upper eyelid skin, upper tarsal plate
There is a Muller muscle on the lower side
superior oblique muscle
From: body of sphenoid bone
Insertion: The sclera behind the equator on the posterolateral side of the eyeball
Pupils turn downward and outward
Pulley N
inferior oblique muscle
Origin: medial part of infraorbital wall
Insertion: Lower sclera behind the equator
Pupils turn upward and outward
Eye movement N
Superior rectus (superior medial) Inferior rectus muscle (inferior medial) medial rectus (medial) Lateral rectus (lateral)
From: common tendon ring
Stop: the sclera in front of the equator of the eyeball
Lateral rectus: Extension N Others are oculomotor nerves