MindMap Gallery respiratory system
This is a mind map about the respiratory system. The main function of the respiratory system is to carry out ventilation and exchange, to complete the supply of oxygen required during human metabolism and to discharge the carbon dioxide produced by metabolism.
Edited at 2024-04-22 10:07:20Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
respiratory system
Upper respiratory tract
nose
external nose
nasal cavity
nasal vestibule
proper nasal cavity
top
end
medial wall
nasal septum
prone to bleeding areas
lateral wall
superior turbinate
sphenoethmoidal recess
middle turbinate
inferior turbinate
paranasal sinuses
pharynx
throat
It uses laryngeal cartilage as a scaffold and is connected by joints, ligaments and laryngeal muscles.
The upper part connects to the larynx and pharynx through the larynx, and the lower part connects to the trachea
laryngeal cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
front corner
Adam's apple
upper corner
lower corner
cricoid cartilage
The only complete cartilage ring in the laryngeal cartilage
epiglottis cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
laryngeal connection
cricothyroid joint
cricoarytenoid joint
square membrane
It originates from the posterior aspect of the anterior horn of the thyroid cartilage and the lateral edge of the epiglottis cartilage, and attaches posteriorly to the anteromedial edge of the arytenoid cartilage. Its lower edge is free and is called the vestibular ligament.
elastic cone
It is a cone-shaped elastic fiber membrane that originates from behind the anterior horn of the thyroid cartilage and extends backward and downward in a fan shape to the upper edge of the cricoid cartilage and the vocal cord process of the arytenoid cartilage. The upper edge is free and thickened, and is connected between the back of the anterior horn of the thyroid cartilage and the vocal cord process of the arytenoid cartilage, and is called the vocal ligament. The thickened middle part of the front is called the median cricothyroid ligament. When there is acute laryngeal obstruction and it is too late to perform a tracheotomy, a puncture or incision can be made at this ligament to establish a temporary airway.
thyrohyoid membrane
Median thyrohyoid ligament
laryngeal muscles
laryngeal cavity
Throat
It is surrounded by the superior edge of the epiglottis in front, the aryepiglottic folds on both sides, and the interarytenoid notch in the back.
laryngeal vestibule
Between the larynx and vestibular folds
vestibular folds
vestibular cleft
The cleft between the vestibular folds
middle cavity of larynx
Between vestibular and vocal folds
vocal folds
cleft glottis
The narrowest part of the larynx
The fissure between the vocal folds, the base of the arytenoid cartilage, and the vocal cord process on both sides
intermembrane part
The anterior 2/3 is located between the vocal folds on both sides
interchondral part
The posterior 1/3 is located between the base of the arytenoid cartilage on both sides and the vocal cord process.
vocal cord
acoustic ligament
vocal cord muscles
laryngeal mucosa
subglottic cavity
lower respiratory tract
trachea and bronchi
The trachea starts from the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage and goes down to the sternal angle. The bifurcation is called the tracheal bifurcation. The tracheal carina is biased to the left, which is an important sign of bronchoscopy.
The left main bronchus is slender and inclined, while the right main bronchus is short, thick and steep. Most foreign bodies enter the right main bronchus.
lung
position and form
One tip, one bottom, three sides, three edges
apex of lung
Lung base/diaphragm surface
rib surface
mediastinum
hilum
bronchi
pulmonary artery
pulmonary veins
bronchial artery
bronchial veins
Lymphatic vessels
nerve
Lung root
left lung root
pulmonary artery
Main bronchus
superior pulmonary vein
inferior pulmonary vein
Right lung root
upper lobe bronchus
pulmonary artery
middle and lower lobe bronchi
superior pulmonary vein
inferior pulmonary vein
leading edge
cardiac notch
anterior border of left lung
trailing edge
lower edge
oblique crack
Divide the left lung into upper and lower lobes
Horizontal crack
right lung
Intrapulmonary bronchi and bronchopulmonary segments
bronchial tree
Lobar bronchi
segmental bronchi
pleura
Distribution and pleural recesses
parietal pleura
costal pleura
diaphragm pleura
mediastinal pleura
pleural roof
visceral pleura
Pulmonary pleura
pleural cavity
The two layers of pleura, the visceral and parietal pleura, migrate toward each other below the lung root, forming two potentially closed gaps on the left and right that do not communicate with each other.
Negative pressure, containing a small amount of serous fluid, reduces friction between the viscera and parietal pleura during breathing
pleural recess
costophrenic recess
Located at the fold of the costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura, one on each side, it is the lowest part of the pleural cavity, where pleural effusion first accumulates.
cost mediastinal recess
Pleural surface projection
anterior pleural boundary
It moves from the right side to the 6th sternocostal joint as the lower boundary, and from the left side to the 4th sternocostal joint, it goes obliquely outward and downward, 2 to 2.5cm along the lateral edge of the sternum, and moves behind the 6th costal cartilage as the lower boundary.
mediastinum
A general term for all organs, structures and connective tissues between the mediastinum and pleura on both sides
superior mediastinum
inferior mediastinum
anterior mediastinum
middle mediastinum
posterior mediastinum